Epithelial ovarian tumors classification
|
Epithelial ovarian tumors Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Epithelial Ovarian Tumors from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Epithelial ovarian tumors classification On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epithelial ovarian tumors classification |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Epithelial ovarian tumors classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2]
Overview
Ovarian epithelial tumors can be classified on several bases depending on the morphology, histopathological behavior and clinical characteristics. The general classification of benign, borderline and malignant tumors is supplemented by classification systems augmented by molecular and clinico-pathological behavior of the tumors. This section also contains WHO classification of ovarian tumors to allow differentiation between epithelial tumors and other ovarian tumors.
Classification
General Classification
- Epithelial ovarian tumors can broadly be classified on the basis of histopathology and clinical behavior as:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Table below provides a summary of this classification:
| Epithelial Ovarian Tumors | ||
|---|---|---|
| Benign | Borderline | Malignant |
|
|
|
WHO Classification of Ovarian Epithelial Tumors
- WHO classifies epithelial ovarian tumors on the basis of histology as follows:[2][3][4][5][6]
- Serous tumors:
- Benign (cystadenoma)
- Borderline tumors (serous borderline tumor)
- Malignant (serous adenocarcinoma)
- Mucinous tumors:
- Benign (cystadenoma)
- Borderline tumors (mucinous borderline tumor)
- Malignant (mucinous adenocarcinoma)
- Endometrioid tumors:
- Benign (cystadenoma)
- Borderline tumors (endometrioid borderline tumor)
- Malignant (endometrioid adenocarcinoma)
- Clear cell tumors:
- Benign
- Borderline tumors
- Malignant (clear cell adenocarcinoma)
- Transitional cell tumors:
- Brenner tumor
- Brenner tumor of borderline malignancy
- Malignant Brenner tumor
- Transitional cell carcinoma (non-Brenner type)
- Epithelial-stromal:
- Adenosarcoma
- Carcinosarcoma (formerly mixed Müllerian tumors)
- Serous tumors:
| Ovarian Epithelial Tumors | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serous Tumors | Mucinous Tumors | Endometrioid Tumors | Clear Cell Tumors | Transitional Cell Tumors | Epithelial-Stromal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
International Agency for Research on Cancer Histologic Groups of Ovarian Tumors
Classification from International agency for research on cancer is summarized in the table: [4][5][7]
| Ovarian Tumors |
|---|
|
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Classification Based on Clinicopathologic and Molecular Evidence
- Recent advances in histopathology and a better understanding of clinicopathologic characteristics have led to a classification system that correlates histology and clinical characteristics.
- This classification subdivides malignant ovarian tumors in two types.
- Type I tumors generally arise from endometriosis or fallopian tubal related serous epithelium. They exhibit less aggressive clinical course and a different genetic profile relative to Type II.[1][3]
- Type II tumors generally arise from fallopian tubal epithelium. They exhibit more aggressive clinical course and a different genetic profile relative to Type I.[1][3]
- Type I tumors are generally characterized by chromosomal stability and somatic mutations that may include KRAS, BRAF, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, ARID1A and PPP2R1A. BRCA1 mutation, on the other hand, has not been observed and TP53 mutation is very rare.[8][9][10]
- Type II tumors are characterized by chromosomal instability. The mutations characteristic of high grade tumors, especially TP53 are common. TP53 has been reported in more than 90% of these tumors and a high proportion contains either BRCA mutations or BRCA related mutations such as RAD51, PALB2.[8][11][12]
| Epithelial Ovarian Cancer | |
|---|---|
| Type I | Type II |
|
|
WHO Classification of Ovarian Tumors
WHO classifies ovarian tumors as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
| Ovarian Cancer | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Epithelial | Sex-Cord Stromal | Germ Cell | Others |
|
|
|
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rojas V, Hirshfield KM, Ganesan S, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L (December 2016). "Molecular Characterization of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment". Int J Mol Sci. 17 (12). doi:10.3390/ijms17122113. PMC 5187913. PMID 27983698.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Horta M, Cunha TM (2015). "Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists". Diagn Interv Radiol. 21 (4): 277–86. doi:10.5152/dir.2015.34414. PMC 4498422. PMID 26054417.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 McCluggage WG (August 2011). "Morphological subtypes of ovarian carcinoma: a review with emphasis on new developments and pathogenesis". Pathology. 43 (5): 420–32. doi:10.1097/PAT.0b013e328348a6e7. PMID 21716157.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P, Hauptmann S, Sehouli J (April 2016). "The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications". Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 293 (4): 695–700. doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4035-8. PMID 26894303.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "onlinelibrary.wiley.com".
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Kurman RJ, Shih I (March 2010). "The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer: a proposed unifying theory". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 34 (3): 433–43. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181cf3d79. PMC 2841791. PMID 20154587. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P, Hauptmann S, Sehouli J (October 2015). "Statement by the Kommission Ovar of the AGO: The New FIGO and WHO Classifications of Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Cancer". Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 75 (10): 1021–1027. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558079. PMC 4629993. PMID 26556905.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kurman RJ, Shih I (July 2011). "Molecular pathogenesis and extraovarian origin of epithelial ovarian cancer--shifting the paradigm". Hum. Pathol. 42 (7): 918–31. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2011.03.003. PMID 21683865. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Shih I, Kurman RJ (May 2004). "Ovarian tumorigenesis: a proposed model based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis". Am. J. Pathol. 164 (5): 1511–8. PMID 15111296. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Wiegand KC, Shah SP, Al-Agha OM, Zhao Y, Tse K, Zeng T, Senz J, McConechy MK, Anglesio MS, Kalloger SE, Yang W, Heravi-Moussavi A, Giuliany R, Chow C, Fee J, Zayed A, Prentice L, Melnyk N, Turashvili G, Delaney AD, Madore J, Yip S, McPherson AW, Ha G, Bell L, Fereday S, Tam A, Galletta L, Tonin PN, Provencher D, Miller D, Jones SJ, Moore RA, Morin GB, Oloumi A, Boyd N, Aparicio SA, Shih I, Mes-Masson AM, Bowtell DD, Hirst M, Gilks B, Marra MA, Huntsman DG (October 2010). "ARID1A mutations in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas". N. Engl. J. Med. 363 (16): 1532–43. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1008433. PMC 2976679. PMID 20942669. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Ahmed AA, Etemadmoghadam D, Temple J, Lynch AG, Riad M, Sharma R, Stewart C, Fereday S, Caldas C, Defazio A, Bowtell D, Brenton JD (May 2010). "Driver mutations in TP53 are ubiquitous in high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary". J. Pathol. 221 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1002/path.2696. PMC 3262968. PMID 20229506.
- ↑ Senturk E, Cohen S, Dottino PR, Martignetti JA (November 2010). "A critical re-appraisal of BRCA1 methylation studies in ovarian cancer". Gynecol. Oncol. 119 (2): 376–83. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.07.026. PMID 20797776.