Epiglottitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Epiglottitis}} | {{Epiglottitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{PTD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Epiglottitis]] presents differently in children and adults. 80 to 95% of adults with [[epiglottitis]] present with [[sore throat]] and [[dysphagia]]<ref name="pmid6967138">{{cite journal| author=Ossoff RH, Wolff AP, Ballenger JJ| title=Acute epiglottitis in adults: experience with fifteen cases. | journal=Laryngoscope | year= 1980 | volume= 90 | issue= 7 Pt 1 | pages= 1155-61 | pmid=6967138 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6967138 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid7497775" /> whereas the predominant symptoms in infected children are high fever, muffled or [[Hoarseness|hoarse]] voice, [[drooling]] and [[dysphagia|difficulty swallowing]].<ref name="pmid6967138" /> <ref name="pmid74977752" /> A forward-leaning position with drooling while trying to breathe is typically seen in affected children. The child often appears acutely ill, anxious, and has very quiet and shallow breathing with the head held forward, on insisting on sitting up in bed. Adults usually have milder presentations and less commonly develop [[airway obstruction]] with [[respiratory distress]].<ref name="pmid686588">{{cite journal| author=Cohen SR, Chai J| title=Epiglottitis. Twenty-year study with tracheotomy. | journal=Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol | year= 1978 | volume= 87 | issue= 4 Pt 1 | pages= 461-7 | pmid=686588 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=686588 }} </ref> Other common symptoms may include:<ref name="pmid26827594" /><ref name="pmid24052580" /><ref name="pmid74977753" /><ref name="pmid21297792" /> abnormal [[breathing sounds]] ([[stridor]]), c[[Chills|hills]], [[shaking|rigor]], c[[Cyanosis|yanosis]], and [[Difficulty breathing]] | |||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Epiglottitis presents differently in children and adults. 80 to 95% of adults with epiglottitis | [[Epiglottitis]] presents differently in children and adults. 80 to 95% of adults with [[epiglottitis]] present with [[sore throat]] and [[dysphagia]]<ref name="pmid6967138" /> <ref name="pmid7497775">{{cite journal| author=Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ| title=Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island. | journal=Chest | year= 1995 | volume= 108 | issue= 6 | pages= 1640-7 | pmid=7497775 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7497775 }}</ref> whereas the predominant symptoms in infected children are high fever, muffled or [[Hoarseness|hoarse]] voice, [[drooling]] and [[dysphagia|difficulty swallowing]].<ref name="pmid6967138" /> <ref name="pmid74977752">{{cite journal| author=Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ| title=Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island. | journal=Chest | year= 1995 | volume= 108 | issue= 6 | pages= 1640-7 | pmid=7497775 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7497775 }}</ref> It is important to note that since the introduction of the [[Hemophilus]] [[Influenza|Influenzae]] [[vaccination]] in many countries, the disease is becoming relatively more common in adults. The child often appears acutely ill, anxious, and has very quiet and shallow breathing with the head held forward, insisting on sitting up in bed. The early symptoms are insidious but rapidly progressive, and swelling of the throat may lead to [[cyanosis]] and [[asphyxiation]]. Cases in adults are most typically seen amongst abusers of [[crack cocaine]] and have a more subacute presentation. | ||
Other symptoms may include:<ref name="pmid26827594">{{cite journal| author=Tanaka S, Kikuchi S, Ohata A, Tsutsumi T, Ohki M| title=[A Clinical Study of Acute Epiglottitis]. | journal=Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho | year= 2015 | volume= 118 | issue= 11 | pages= 1301-8 | pmid=26827594 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26827594 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24052580">{{cite journal| author=Charles R, Fadden M, Brook J| title=Acute epiglottitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2013 | volume= 347 | issue= | pages= f5235 | pmid=24052580 | doi=10.1136/bmj.f5235 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24052580 }}</ref><ref name="pmid74977753">{{cite journal| author=Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ| title=Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island. | journal=Chest | year= 1995 | volume= 108 | issue= 6 | pages= 1640-7 | pmid=7497775 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7497775 }}</ref> | Other symptoms may include:<ref name="pmid26827594">{{cite journal| author=Tanaka S, Kikuchi S, Ohata A, Tsutsumi T, Ohki M| title=[A Clinical Study of Acute Epiglottitis]. | journal=Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho | year= 2015 | volume= 118 | issue= 11 | pages= 1301-8 | pmid=26827594 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26827594 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24052580">{{cite journal| author=Charles R, Fadden M, Brook J| title=Acute epiglottitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2013 | volume= 347 | issue= | pages= f5235 | pmid=24052580 | doi=10.1136/bmj.f5235 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24052580 }}</ref><ref name="pmid74977753">{{cite journal| author=Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ| title=Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island. | journal=Chest | year= 1995 | volume= 108 | issue= 6 | pages= 1640-7 | pmid=7497775 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7497775 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21297792">{{cite journal| author=Achong MR| title=Respiratory tract infections in adults. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 1979 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 1189-93 | pmid=21297792 | doi= | pmc=2383214 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21297792 }} </ref> | ||
*Abnormal [[breathing sounds]] ([[stridor]]) | *Abnormal [[breathing sounds]] ([[stridor]]) | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}}[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Primary care]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
Revision as of 01:30, 21 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Epiglottitis presents differently in children and adults. 80 to 95% of adults with epiglottitis present with sore throat and dysphagia[1] [2] whereas the predominant symptoms in infected children are high fever, muffled or hoarse voice, drooling and difficulty swallowing.[1] [3] A forward-leaning position with drooling while trying to breathe is typically seen in affected children. The child often appears acutely ill, anxious, and has very quiet and shallow breathing with the head held forward, on insisting on sitting up in bed. Adults usually have milder presentations and less commonly develop airway obstruction with respiratory distress.[4] Other common symptoms may include:[5][6][7][8] abnormal breathing sounds (stridor), chills, rigor, cyanosis, and Difficulty breathing
Symptoms
Epiglottitis presents differently in children and adults. 80 to 95% of adults with epiglottitis present with sore throat and dysphagia[1] [2] whereas the predominant symptoms in infected children are high fever, muffled or hoarse voice, drooling and difficulty swallowing.[1] [3] It is important to note that since the introduction of the Hemophilus Influenzae vaccination in many countries, the disease is becoming relatively more common in adults. The child often appears acutely ill, anxious, and has very quiet and shallow breathing with the head held forward, insisting on sitting up in bed. The early symptoms are insidious but rapidly progressive, and swelling of the throat may lead to cyanosis and asphyxiation. Cases in adults are most typically seen amongst abusers of crack cocaine and have a more subacute presentation.
Other symptoms may include:[5][6][7][8]
- Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor)
- Chills, shaking
- Cyanosis (blue skin coloring)
- Drooling
- Difficulty breathing (patient may need to sit upright and lean slightly forward to breathe)
- Difficulty swallowing
- Voice changes (hoarseness)
- General malaise and a globus sensation in the throat may be the initial symptom.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ossoff RH, Wolff AP, Ballenger JJ (1980). "Acute epiglottitis in adults: experience with fifteen cases". Laryngoscope. 90 (7 Pt 1): 1155–61. PMID 6967138.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ (1995). "Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island". Chest. 108 (6): 1640–7. PMID 7497775.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ (1995). "Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island". Chest. 108 (6): 1640–7. PMID 7497775.
- ↑ Cohen SR, Chai J (1978). "Epiglottitis. Twenty-year study with tracheotomy". Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 87 (4 Pt 1): 461–7. PMID 686588.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tanaka S, Kikuchi S, Ohata A, Tsutsumi T, Ohki M (2015). "[A Clinical Study of Acute Epiglottitis]". Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 118 (11): 1301–8. PMID 26827594.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Charles R, Fadden M, Brook J (2013). "Acute epiglottitis". BMJ. 347: f5235. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5235. PMID 24052580.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ (1995). "Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island". Chest. 108 (6): 1640–7. PMID 7497775.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Achong MR (1979). "Respiratory tract infections in adults". Can Fam Physician. 25: 1189–93. PMC 2383214. PMID 21297792.