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{{Infobox_Disease |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
{{Epiglottitis}}
  Image          = Epiglottitis.jpg|
  Caption        = Epiglottitis, Acute, Viral Etiology; Sudden Stridor and Obstruction in a Child. <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>|
  DiseasesDB    = 4360 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|J|05|1|j|00}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|464.3}}, {{ICD9|476.1}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 000605|
  MeshID        = D004826 |
}}
{{Search infobox}}


'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{PTD}}


{{SK}} Supraglottitis


==[[Epiglottitis overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Epiglottitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
'''Epiglottitis''' is inflammation of the [[epiglottis]] - the flap that sits at the base of the tongue, which keeps food from going into the trachea (windpipe). Due to its place in the [[airway]], swelling of this structure can interfere with [[Breath|breathing]] and constitutes a [[medical emergency]]. The infection can cause the epiglottis to either obstruct or completely close off the windpipe.


==Cause==
==[[Epiglottitis classification]]==
Epiglottitis involves [[bacteria]]l [[infection]] of the epiglottis, most often caused by ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' type B, although some cases are attributable to ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' or ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''.


==Symptoms==
==[[Epiglottitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Epiglottitis typically affects children, and is associated with [[fever]], [[dysphagia|difficulty swallowing]], drooling, and [[stridor]]. It is important to note however that since the introduction of the Hemophilus Infuenzae vaccination in many Western countries (including th UK), the disease is becoming relatively more common in adults. The child often appears acutely ill, anxious, and has very quiet shallow breathing with the head held forward, insisting on sitting up in bed. The early symptoms are insidious but rapidly progressive, and swelling of the throat may lead to [[cyanosis]] and [[asphyxiation]]. Cases in adults are most typically seen amongst abusers of [[crack cocaine]] and have a more subacute presentation.


==Diagnosis==
==[[Epiglottitis causes|Causes]]==
Diagnosis is confirmed by direct inspection using [[laryngoscope|laryngoscopy]], although this may provoke airway spasm. The epiglottis and [[arytenoids]] are cherry-red and swollen. The most likely differential diagnostic candidates are [[croup]], [[peritonsillar abscess]], and [[retropharyngeal abscess]].
 
==[[Epiglottitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Epiglottitis from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Epiglottitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


On [[Human anatomical terms#Anatomical directions|lateral]] [[C-spine]] [[X-ray]], the [[thumbprint sign]] is a finding that suggests the diagnosis of epiglottitis.<ref>Jaffe JE. Acute Epiglottits. eMedicine.com. Available at: [http://www.emedicine.com/Radio/topic263.htm http://www.emedicine.com/Radio/topic263.htm]. Accessed on: [[December 21]] [[2006]].</ref>
==[[Epiglottitis screening|Screening]]==


==Treatment==
==[[Epiglottitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Epiglottitis requires urgent endotracheal [[intubation]] to protect the airway. Ideally, this should be performed by an experienced [[anesthesiologist]] or [[respiratory therapist]], with [[otolaryngology]] back-up in case of failed intubation. If intubation fails, [[tracheotomy]] is required.


In addition, patients should be given an [[antibiotic]] [[medication|drug]] such as [[ceftriaxone]] or chloramphenicol either alone or in association with penicillin or ampicillin for streptococcal coverage.
==[[Epiglottitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Complications==
==Diagnosis==
Some patients may develop [[pneumonia]], [[lymphadenopathy]] or [[septic arthritis]].
[[Epiglottitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Epiglottitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Epiglottitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Epiglottitis x rays|X Rays]] | [[Epiglottitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Epiglottitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==References==
==Treatment==
<references/>
[[Epiglottitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] |  [[Epiglottitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  | [[Epiglottitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Epiglottitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Epiglottitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==External links==
==Case Studies==
*Jordana Marinoff, [http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/other/articles/2006/01/10/bacteria_grab_a_windpipe_and_hold_it_hostage "Bacteria Grab a Windpipe and Hold it Hostage,"] Boston Globe, [[January 10]] [[2006]]
[[Epiglottitis case study one|Case #1]]


{{Respiratory pathology}}
{{Respiratory pathology}}
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[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]

Latest revision as of 21:36, 29 July 2020

Epiglottitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Epiglottitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Rays

ECG

CT scan

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Epiglottitis On the Web

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Epiglottitis

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Supraglottitis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Epiglottitis classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Epiglottitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Rays | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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