Endocarditis classification: Difference between revisions

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{{Endocarditis}}
{{Endocarditis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Maliha}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{Maliha}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Endocarditis may be classified based on the underlying pathophysiology of the process (infective vs. non-infective), the onset of the disease (acute vs. subacute or short incubation vs. long incubation), results of the cultures (culture positive vs. culture negative), the nature of the valve (native vs. prosthetic) and the valve affected ([[aortic]], [[mitral]], or [[tricuspid valve]]).
[[Endocarditis]] may be classified based on the underlying [[pathophysiology]] of the process ([[Infective Endocarditis|infective]] vs. [[Non-infective endocarditis|non-infective]]), the onset of the [[disease]] ([[Acute (medicine)|acute]] vs. [[subacute]] or short [[Incubation period|incubation]] vs. long [[Incubation period|incubation]]), results of the cultures (culture-positive vs. culture-negative), the nature of the [[valve]] (native vs. [[prosthetic]]) and the [[valve]] affected ([[aortic]], [[mitral]], or [[tricuspid valve]]).


==Classification==
==Classification==
[[Endocarditis]] may be classified into 8 subtypes based on:<ref name="pmid25501052">{{cite journal| author=Ortiz C, López J, García H, Sevilla T, Revilla A, Vilacosta I | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical classification and prognosis of isolated right-sided infective endocarditis. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 27 | pages= e137 | pmid=25501052 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000000137 | pmc=4602814 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25501052  }}</ref><ref name="pmid19352296">{{cite journal| author=Fernández Guerrero ML, González López JJ, Goyenechea A, Fraile J, de Górgolas M| title=Endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: A reappraisal of the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic manifestations with analysis of factors determining outcome. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2009 | volume= 88 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-22 | pmid=19352296 | doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e318194da65 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19352296  }}</ref><ref name="pmid18402924">{{cite journal| author=Selton-Suty C, Doco-Lecompte T, Freysz L, Chometon F, Duhoux F, Blangy H | display-authors=etal| title=[Non-valvular cardiac devices endocarditis]. | journal=Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 81-7 | pmid=18402924 | doi=10.1016/j.ancard.2008.02.005 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18402924  }}</ref>


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|valign=top|
|+
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Pathogenic Factors}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | Classification criterion
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Mechanism}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | Subgroups
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
:Valvular Damage
:Underlying pathophysiology
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Altered and turbulent flow
*[[Infective Endocarditis|Infective endocarditis]] vs. non-infective [[endocarditis]]
*[[Catheter]]s, electrodes, and other intracardiac devices
*Solid particles from repeated intravenous injections
*Chronic [[inflammation]]  
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
:Bacteremia
:Onset of the disease
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Dental procedures
* Short [[Incubation period|incubation]] vs. long [[Incubation period|incubation]]
*[[Intravenous drug use]]
*Complicated [[urinary tract infection]]s
*[[Colorectal cancer]]
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
:Lack of blood supply to valves
:Culture result
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Blunted immune response
* Culture positive vs. culture negative
*Therapeutic drugs have difficulty reaching infected valves
|-
|-
|}
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
 
:Nature of the valve
Endocarditis may be classified according to underlying pathophysiology into 2 groups:
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
 
*Native [[valve]] [[endocarditis]] vs. [[Prosthesis|prosthetic]] valve [[endocarditis]]
* Infective Endocarditis vs. Non-Infective Endocarditis
|-
 
|}<br />
Endocarditis may be classified according to onset of the disease into 2 groups:
 
* Short Incubation vs. Long Incubation
 
Endocarditis may be classified according to culture result into 2 groups:
 
* Culture Positive vs. Culture Negative
 
Endocarditis may be classified according to the nature of the valve into 2 groups:
 
* Native Valve Endocarditis vs. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 21:00, 3 March 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

Overview

Endocarditis may be classified based on the underlying pathophysiology of the process (infective vs. non-infective), the onset of the disease (acute vs. subacute or short incubation vs. long incubation), results of the cultures (culture-positive vs. culture-negative), the nature of the valve (native vs. prosthetic) and the valve affected (aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve).

Classification

Endocarditis may be classified into 8 subtypes based on:[1][2][3]

Classification criterion Subgroups
Underlying pathophysiology
Onset of the disease
Culture result
  • Culture positive vs. culture negative
Nature of the valve


References

  1. Ortiz C, López J, García H, Sevilla T, Revilla A, Vilacosta I; et al. (2014). "Clinical classification and prognosis of isolated right-sided infective endocarditis". Medicine (Baltimore). 93 (27): e137. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000137. PMC 4602814. PMID 25501052.
  2. Fernández Guerrero ML, González López JJ, Goyenechea A, Fraile J, de Górgolas M (2009). "Endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: A reappraisal of the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic manifestations with analysis of factors determining outcome". Medicine (Baltimore). 88 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e318194da65. PMID 19352296.
  3. Selton-Suty C, Doco-Lecompte T, Freysz L, Chometon F, Duhoux F, Blangy H; et al. (2008). "[Non-valvular cardiac devices endocarditis]". Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 57 (2): 81–7. doi:10.1016/j.ancard.2008.02.005. PMID 18402924.

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