Emtricitabine: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 06:35, 5 January 2014

Emtricitabine
EMTRIVA^® FDA Package Insert
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Microbiology
Indications and Usage
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage
Clinical Studies
Dosage and Administration
How Supplied
Labels and Packages

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2]

Overview

Emtricitabine (FTC), with trade name Emtriva (formerly Coviracil), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children.

Emtricitabine is also marketed in a fixed-dose combination with tenofovir (Viread) under the brand name Truvada. A fixed-dose triple combination of emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz (Sustiva, marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on July 12, 2006 under the brand name Atripla.

Emtricitabine makes up one fourth of the Quad pill (brand name: Stribild).

US Brand Names

EMTRIVA^®

FDA Package Insert

Historical Perspective

Emtricitabine was discovered by Dr. Dennis C. Liotta, Dr. Raymond F. Schinazi, and Dr. Woo-Baeg Choi of Emory University and licensed toTriangle Pharmaceuticals by Emory in 1996.^[1] Triangle Pharmaceuticals was acquired in 2003 by Gilead Sciences, who completed development and now market the product with the brand name Emtriva.

It was approved by the FDA July 2, 2003. It is very similar to lamivudine (3TC) and cross-resistance between the two is near-universal.^{[citation needed]}

Mechanism of Action

Emtricitabine is an analogue of cytidine which serves as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). The drug becomes phosphorylated intracellularly to emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate and interferes with HIV RNA dependent DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral replication.

References

↑ Leaf, Clifton (September 19, 2005). "The Law of Unintended Consequences". CNN.

[1] Leaf, Clifton (September 19, 2005). "The Law of Unintended Consequences". CNN.

[1]

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 ==Mechanism of Action==
-Emtricitabine is an [[analog (chemistry)|analogue]] of [[cytidine]]. The drug works by inhibiting [[reverse transcriptase]], the enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA. By interfering with this process, which is central to the replication of HIV, emtricitabine can help to lower the amount of HIV, or "[[viral load]]", in a patient's body and can indirectly increase the number of [[immune system]] cells (called [[T cell]]s or [[Helper T cell|CD4+ T-cell]]s). Both of these changes are associated with healthier immune systems and decreased likelihood of serious illness.
+Emtricitabine is an [[analog (chemistry)|analogue]] of [[cytidine]] which serves as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ([[NRTI]]). The drug becomes phosphorylated intracellularly to emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate and interferes with [[HIV]] RNA dependent DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral replication.
 ==References==