https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&feed=atom&action=history
Elbow - Revision history
2024-03-29T11:26:34Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.40.0
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=673388&oldid=prev
WikiBot: Bot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{Editor Join}} + & -{{Editor Help}} +)
2012-08-09T02:08:33Z
<p>Bot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{Editor Join}} + & -{{Editor Help}} +)</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:08, 9 August 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{CMG}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{CMG}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{EH}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''elbow-joint''' is a ''ginglymus'' or [[hinge joint]]. Three bones form the elbow joint: the [[humerus]] of the upper arm, and the paired [[radius (bone)|radius]] and [[ulna]] of the forearm.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''elbow-joint''' is a ''ginglymus'' or [[hinge joint]]. Three bones form the elbow joint: the [[humerus]] of the upper arm, and the paired [[radius (bone)|radius]] and [[ulna]] of the forearm.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Upper limb anatomy]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Upper limb anatomy]]</div></td></tr>
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WikiBot
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=526246&oldid=prev
Zorkun: /* MRI */
2009-01-19T14:40:53Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">MRI</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:40, 19 January 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><gallery></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><gallery></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-001.jpg|Cor MPGR</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-001.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Normal elbow: </ins>Cor MPGR</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-002.jpg|Cor IR</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-002.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Normal elbow: </ins>Cor IR</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-003.jpg|Cor PD</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-003.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Normal elbow: </ins>Cor PD</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></gallery></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></gallery></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><gallery></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><gallery></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-004.jpg|Axl PD</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-004.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Normal elbow: </ins>Axl PD</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-005.jpg|Sag PD</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-005.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Normal elbow: </ins>Sag PD</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-006.jpg|Sag IR</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-006.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Normal elbow: </ins>Sag IR</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></gallery></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></gallery></div></td></tr>
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</table>
Zorkun
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=526245&oldid=prev
Zorkun: /* MRI */
2009-01-19T14:39:55Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">MRI</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:39, 19 January 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-002.jpg|Cor IR</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-002.jpg|Cor IR</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-003.jpg|Cor PD</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-003.jpg|Cor PD</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><gallery></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-004.jpg|Axl PD</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-004.jpg|Axl PD</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-005.jpg|Sag PD</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-005.jpg|Sag PD</div></td></tr>
</table>
Zorkun
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=526244&oldid=prev
Zorkun: /* MRI */
2009-01-19T14:39:31Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">MRI</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:39, 19 January 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l99">Line 99:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><gallery></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><gallery></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Image:Normal-elbow-MRI-001.jpg|Cor MPGR</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></gallery></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></gallery></div></td></tr>
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</table>
Zorkun
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=526243&oldid=prev
Zorkun: /* Carrying angle */
2009-01-19T14:39:09Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Carrying angle</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:39, 19 January 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l91">Line 91:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 91:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The carrying angle can influence how objects are held by individuals - those with a more extreme carrying angle may be more likely to [[supination|supinate]] the forearm when holding objects in the hand to keep the elbow closer to the body.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The carrying angle can influence how objects are held by individuals - those with a more extreme carrying angle may be more likely to [[supination|supinate]] the forearm when holding objects in the hand to keep the elbow closer to the body.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br clear="left"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br clear="left"/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Diagnostic Findings==</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===MRI===</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">([http://www.radswiki.net Images courtesy of RadsWiki])</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><gallery></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></gallery></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Zorkun
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=526241&oldid=prev
Zorkun: /* Carrying angle */
2009-01-19T14:38:12Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Carrying angle</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:38, 19 January 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l90">Line 90:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 90:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The carrying angle can influence how objects are held by individuals - those with a more extreme carrying angle may be more likely to [[supination|supinate]] the forearm when holding objects in the hand to keep the elbow closer to the body.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The carrying angle can influence how objects are held by individuals - those with a more extreme carrying angle may be more likely to [[supination|supinate]] the forearm when holding objects in the hand to keep the elbow closer to the body.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br clear="left"/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Zorkun
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Elbow&diff=526240&oldid=prev
Zorkun: /* Carrying angle */
2009-01-19T14:37:38Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Carrying angle</span></span></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox Anatomy |<br />
Name = Elbow-joint |<br />
Latin = articulatio cubiti |<br />
GraySubject = 84 |<br />
GrayPage = 321 |<br />
Image = Elbow_coude.JPG|<br />
Caption = Elbow |<br />
Image2 = Gray329.png |<br />
Caption2 = Left elbow-joint, showing anterior and ulnar collateral ligaments. |<br />
Precursor = |<br />
System = |<br />
Artery = |<br />
Vein = |<br />
Nerve = |<br />
Lymph = |<br />
MeshName = Elbow+joint |<br />
MeshNumber = A02.835.583.290 |<br />
DorlandsPre = a_64 |<br />
DorlandsSuf = 12161185 |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
The '''elbow-joint''' is a ''ginglymus'' or [[hinge joint]]. Three bones form the elbow joint: the [[humerus]] of the upper arm, and the paired [[radius (bone)|radius]] and [[ulna]] of the forearm.<br />
<br />
The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the [[olecranon]] process of the ulna.<br />
<br />
==Movements==<br />
Two main movements are possible at the elbow:<br />
* The hinge-like bending and straightening of the elbow ([[anatomical terms of motion|flexion and extension]]) happens at the articulation ("joint") between the humerus and the ulna. <br />
* The complex action of turning the forearm over ([[pronation]] or [[supination]]) happens at the articulation between the radius and the ulna (this movement also occurs at the wrist joint).<br />
<br />
In the anatomical position (with the forearm supine), the radius and ulna lie parallel to each other. During pronation, the ulna remains fixed, and the radius rolls around it at both the wrist and the elbow joints. In the prone position, the radius and ulna appear crossed.<br />
<br />
Most of the force through the elbow joint is transferred between the humerus and the ulna. Very little force is transmitted between the humerus and the radius. (By contrast, at the [[wrist joint]], most of the force is transferred between the radius and the [[carpus]], with the ulna taking very little part in the wrist joint).<br />
<br />
==Muscles, arteries, and nerves==<br />
The [[muscle]]s in relation with the joint are:<br />
* in ''front,'' the [[Brachialis]]<br />
* ''behind,'' the [[Triceps brachii]] and [[Anconæus]]<br />
* ''laterally,'' the [[Supinator]], and the common tendon of origin of the Extensor muscles<br />
* ''medially,'' the common tendon of origin of the Flexor muscles, and the [[Flexor carpi ulnaris]]<br />
<br />
The [[arteries]] supplying the joint are derived from the anastomosis between the [[profunda]] and the superior and [[inferior ulnar collateral]] branches of the [[brachial]], with the anterior, posterior, and interosseous recurrent branches of the [[ulnar]], and the [[recurrent branch of the radial]]. These vessels form a complete [[anastomotic]] network around the joint.<br />
<br />
The [[nerves]] of the joint are a twig from the [[ulnar]], as it passes between the medial condyle and the [[olecranon]]; a filament from the [[musculocutaneous]], and two from the [[Median nerve|median]].<br />
<br />
== Portions of joint ==<br />
The elbow-joint comprises three different portions. All these articular surfaces are enveloped by a common synovial membrane, and the movements of the whole joint should be studied together. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| '''Joint''' || '''From''' || '''To''' || '''Description'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[humeroulnar joint]] || [[ulna]] || [[humerus]] || Is a simple [[hinge-joint]], and allows of movements of flexion and extension only. <br />
|- <br />
| [[humeroradial joint]] || [[head of the radius]] || [[capitulum of the humerus]] || Is an [[arthrodial]] joint. <br />
|- <br />
| [[proximal radioulnar joint]] || [[Radius (bone)|radius]] || [[ulna]] || In any position of flexion or extension, the radius, carrying the hand with it, can be rotated in it. This movement includes [[pronation]] and [[supination]]. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
The combination of the movements of flexion and extension of the forearm with those of pronation and supination of the hand, which is ensured by the two being performed at the same joint, is essential to the accuracy of the various minute movements of the hand.<br />
<br />
The hand is only directly articulated to the distal surface of the radius, and the ulnar notch on the lower end of the radius travels around the lower end of the ulna. The ulna is excluded from the wrist-joint by the [[articular disk]]. <br />
<br />
Thus, rotation of the head of the radius around an axis passing through the center of the radial head of the humerus imparts circular movement to the hand through a very considerable arc.<br />
<br />
==Ligaments==<br />
The [[trochlea]] of the [[humerus]] is received into the semilunar notch of the [[ulna]], and the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the fovea on the head of the [[radius (bone)|radius]]. The articular surfaces are connected together by a capsule, which is thickened medially and laterally, and, to a less extent, in front and behind. These thickened portions are usually described as distinct ligaments.<br />
<br />
The major ligaments are the [[ulnar collateral ligament (elbow)|ulnar collateral ligament]], [[radial collateral ligament (elbow)|radial collateral ligament]], and [[annular ligament]].<br />
<br />
== Synovial membrane ==<br />
The [[synovial membrane]] is very extensive. It extends from the margin of the articular surface of the humerus, and lines the coronoid, radial and olecranon fossæ on that bone; it is reflected over the deep surface of the capsule and forms a pouch between the radial notch, the deep surface of the annular ligament, and the circumference of the head of the radius. Projecting between the radius and ulna into the cavity is a crescentic fold of synovial membrane, suggesting the division of the joint into two; one the humeroradial, the other the humeroulnar.<br />
<br />
Between the capsule and the synovial membrane are three masses of fat: <br />
* the largest, over the olecranon fossa, is pressed into the fossa by the Triceps brachii during the flexion; <br />
* the second, over the coronoid fossa, <br />
* and the third, over the radial fossa, are pressed by the Brachialis into their respective fossæ during extension.<br />
<br />
==Terminology: "Elbow" and "Ell"==<br />
The now obsolete length unit [[ell]] relates closely to the elbow. This becomes especially visible when considering the Germanic origins of both words, ''Elle'' (ell, defined as the length of an arm from shoulder to fingertips) and ''Ellbogen'' (elbow). <br />
<br />
It is unknown when or why the second "l" was dropped from English usage of the word, but a more precise suggested spelling would be "ellbow" for the joint and "ellbone" for the ulna, the etymological originator of both unit and joint.<br />
<br />
==Carrying angle==<br />
[[Image:Coude_fp.PNG|Normal radiograph; right picture of the straightened arm shows the carrying angle of the elbow|thumb|left|150px]]<br />
When the arm is [[Extension (kinesiology)|extended]], with the palm facing forward or up, the bones of the [[humerus]] and [[forearm]] are not perfectly aligned. The deviation from a straight line (generally on the order of 5-10°) occurs in the direction of the thumb, and is referred to as the ''carrying angle'' (visible in the right half of the picture, right). In females the carrying angle is greater than in males.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Steel | first = F | coauthors = Tomlinson J | title = The carrying angle in man. | journal = Journal of Anatomy | volume = 92 | issue = 2 | pages = 315-7 | year = 1958 | id = PMID 13525245 | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1249704 }}</ref> <br />
<br />
The carrying angle can influence how objects are held by individuals - those with a more extreme carrying angle may be more likely to [[supination|supinate]] the forearm when holding objects in the hand to keep the elbow closer to the body.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Cubital fossa]]<br />
<br />
==Additional images==<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:MedialHumerusRadiusUlnaArticulated.jpg.jpg|Medial Humerus Radius Ulna Articulated<br />
Image:LeftHumanPosteriorDistalHumerusExtended.jpg|Left Human Posterior Distal Humerus Extended<br />
Image:LeftHumanPosteriorDistalHumerusFlexed.jpg|Left Human Posterior Distal Humerus Flexed<br />
Image:Gray330.png|Left elbow-joint, showing posterior and radial collateral ligaments.<br />
Image:Gray331.png|Capsule of elbow-joint (distended). Anterior aspect. <br />
Image:Gray332.png|Capsule of elbow-joint (distended). Posterior aspect. <br />
Image:Gray420.png|The Supinator. Posterior view.<br />
Image:Gray526.png|Diagram of the anastomosis around the elbow-joint.<br />
Image:Gray1232.png|Back of right upper extremity.<br />
Image:RightElbowXray.jpg|Close-up radiograph, right elbow-joint<br />
Image:Elbow by David Shankbone.jpg|Left male elbow<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{wiktionary|Elbow}}<br />
<br />
{{Gray's}}<br />
{{human anatomical features}} <br />
{{Joints of upper limbs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Upper limb anatomy]]<br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[ar:مرفق]]<br />
[[ca:Colze]]<br />
[[da:Albue]]<br />
[[de:Ellbogengelenk]]<br />
[[es:Codo (anatomía)]]<br />
[[eo:Kubuto]]<br />
[[fr:Coude (anatomie)]]<br />
[[it:Gomito]]<br />
[[he:מרפק]]<br />
[[la:Cubitum (anatomia)]]<br />
[[hu:Könyök]]<br />
[[nl:Elleboog]]<br />
[[ja:肘]]<br />
[[no:Albue]]<br />
[[pl:Staw łokciowy]]<br />
[[pt:Cotovelo]]<br />
[[simple:Elbow]]<br />
[[fi:Kyynärnivel]]<br />
[[sv:Armbågsled]]<br />
[[tr:Dirsek]]<br />
[[yi:עלנבויגן]]<br />
[[sl:Komolec]]<br />
[[tl:Siko]]<br />
<br />
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