Elastofibroma

WikiDoc Resources for Elastofibroma
Articles
Most recent articles on Elastofibroma Most cited articles on Elastofibroma Review articles on Elastofibroma Articles on Elastofibroma in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Elastofibroma Images of Elastofibroma Photos of Elastofibroma Podcasts & MP3s on Elastofibroma Videos on Elastofibroma
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Elastofibroma Bandolier on Elastofibroma TRIP on Elastofibroma
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Elastofibroma at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Elastofibroma Clinical Trials on Elastofibroma at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Elastofibroma NICE Guidance on Elastofibroma NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Elastofibroma CDC on Elastofibroma
Books
Books on Elastofibroma
News
Elastofibroma in the news Be alerted to news on Elastofibroma News trends on Elastofibroma
Commentary
Blogs on Elastofibroma
Definitions
Definitions of Elastofibroma
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Elastofibroma Discussion groups on Elastofibroma Patient Handouts on Elastofibroma Directions to Hospitals Treating Elastofibroma Risk calculators and risk factors for Elastofibroma
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Elastofibroma Causes & Risk Factors for Elastofibroma Diagnostic studies for Elastofibroma Treatment of Elastofibroma
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Elastofibroma
International
Elastofibroma en Espanol Elastofibroma en Francais
Business
Elastofibroma in the Marketplace Patents on Elastofibroma
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Elastofibroma

Elastofibroma dorsi Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Synonyms and keywords:elastofibroma dorsi

Historical Perspective

Elastofibroma was first discovered by Jarvi and Saxen, in 1961.

The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].

In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].

In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].

There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], including -----.

In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Classification

There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].

Pathophysiology

Elastofibroma dorsi is a rare, slow growing, ill-defined soft tissue mass of the chest wall. It occurs most in the periscapular region.It is commonly located beneath latissimus dorsi and rhomboid major muscles near to the inferior angle of the scapula. It is a benign neoplasm with clinical appearence of a malignant tumor.

The exact pathogenesis of elastofibroma dorsi is not fully understood. It is thought that elastofibroma dorsi is the result of subclinical microtrauma, reactive hyperplasia of elastic fibres and increased production of fibrous tissue.

Only 10% of patients has bilateral involvement.

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Causes

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

The cause of elastofibroma dorsi has not been identified.

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of elastofibroma dorsi has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Differentiating Elastofibroma dorsi from Other Diseases

Elastofibroma dorsi must be differentiated from desmoid tumours, neurofibroma and liposarcoma.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

but an autopsy series found a frequency of 11.2% in men and 24.4% in women

OR

In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

OR

In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.

Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].

OR

The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.

OR

[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.

OR

[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].

OR

[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

There is no racial predilection to [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

[Disease name] affects men and women equally.

OR

[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].

OR

[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].

OR

According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.

OR

According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

History and Symptoms

The majority of patients with elastofibroma dorsi are asymptomatic. Elastofibroma may present with:

• Painless swelling
• Pain ( less than 10% of patients)

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

Physical Examination

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Laboratory Findings

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

X-ray

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of elastofibroma. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of elastofibroma include soft tissue density in the periscapular region. X-ray may be normal.

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

CT scan

CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi. Findings on CT scan suggestive of elastofibroma dorsi include a heterogenous soft tissue mass with poorly defined margins.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi.

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful diagnostic tool [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Other Imaging Findings

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may be helpful in the diagnosis of elastofibroma. Findings on PET/CT suggestive of elastofibroma include low to moderate metabolic activity in these patients. PET/CT shows low-grade diffuse 18F fluorodeoxyglucose uptake.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Needle aspiration biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of elastofibroma and exclude sarcoma. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

OR

Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].

OR

The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.

OR

[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].

OR   The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.

OR

[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].

OR

Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].

OR

Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].

OR

Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].

OR

The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.

OR

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].

Primary Prevention

There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].

OR

There are no available vaccines against [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].

OR

[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

Secondary Prevention

There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

WikiDoc Resources for Elastofibroma
Articles
Most recent articles on Elastofibroma Most cited articles on Elastofibroma Review articles on Elastofibroma Articles on Elastofibroma in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Elastofibroma Images of Elastofibroma Photos of Elastofibroma Podcasts & MP3s on Elastofibroma Videos on Elastofibroma
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Elastofibroma Bandolier on Elastofibroma TRIP on Elastofibroma
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Elastofibroma at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Elastofibroma Clinical Trials on Elastofibroma at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Elastofibroma NICE Guidance on Elastofibroma NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Elastofibroma CDC on Elastofibroma
Books
Books on Elastofibroma
News
Elastofibroma in the news Be alerted to news on Elastofibroma News trends on Elastofibroma
Commentary
Blogs on Elastofibroma
Definitions
Definitions of Elastofibroma
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Elastofibroma Discussion groups on Elastofibroma Patient Handouts on Elastofibroma Directions to Hospitals Treating Elastofibroma Risk calculators and risk factors for Elastofibroma
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Elastofibroma Causes & Risk Factors for Elastofibroma Diagnostic studies for Elastofibroma Treatment of Elastofibroma
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Elastofibroma
International
Elastofibroma en Espanol Elastofibroma en Francais
Business
Elastofibroma in the Marketplace Patents on Elastofibroma
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Elastofibroma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Elastofibroma dorsi

Overview

Elastofibroma is an ill-defined fibroelastic tumor-like condition made up of enlarged and irregular elastic fibers. On gross pathology, ill defined, nonencapsulated, rubbery, and firm, white lesion with interspersed fat are characteristic findings of elastofibroma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, heavy dense bands of collagenous tissue dissected by fat and abnormal elastic fibers are characteristic findings of elastofibroma . The elastic fibers are usually quite large and are easily identified. The elastic fibers are coarse, thick, and darkly eosinophilic, often fragmented into globules, creating a "string of pearls" or "pipe cleaner" appearance. Degeneration will cause the elastic fibers to appear as globules with a serrated or prickled edge. Elastofibroma may be caused by either trauma, genetic mutation, or systemic enzyme defects. Elastofibroma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause soft tissue tumor such as: spindle cell lipoma, nuchal-type fibroma, and fibromatosis colli. Elastofibroma may also be diagnosed using biopsy and histochemistry. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for elastofibroma.

Pathophysiology

• Elastofibroma, also called elastofibroma dorsi, is an ill-defined fibroelastic tumor-like condition made up of enlarged and irregular elastic fibers.
• The tumor develops very specifically in the subscapular or infrascapular area, deep to the muscle, and can be attached to periosteum of ribs. It is usually between the shoulder blade and the lower neck, with rare tumors reported in the chest wall.
• The genetic mutation in has been associated alterations of short arm of chromosome 1 with the development of elastofibroma.
• On gross pathology, ill defined, nonencapsulated, rubbery, and firm, white lesion with interspersed fat are characteristic findings of elastofibroma.
• On microscopic histopathological analysis, heavy dense bands of collagenous tissue dissected by fat and abnormal elastic fibers are characteristic findings of elastofibroma. The elastic fibers are often quite large and are easily identified. The elastic fibers are coarse, thick, and darkly eosinophilic, often fragmented into globules, creating a "string of pearls" or "pipe cleaner" appearance. Degeneration will cause the elastic fibers to appear as globules with a serrated or prickled edge.

• 

  Elastofibroma

• 

  Elastofibroma

• 

  Papillary Fibroelastoma: When located on the mitral valve, these tumors are usually on the anterior leaflet of the atrial surface.

Causes

• Elastofibroma may be caused by either trauma, genetic mutation, or systemic enzyme defects.

Differentiating Elastofibroma from other Diseases

• Elastofibroma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause soft tissue tumor such as:

• Spindle cell lipoma
• Nuchal fibroma
• Fibromatosis colli

Epidemiology and Demographics

• Elastoblastoma is a very rare disease.

Age

• Elastofibroma is more commonly observed among patients aged more than 50 years old.

Gender

• Females are more commonly affected with elastofibroma than males.
• The female to male ratio is approximately 5:1.

Race

• Elastofibroma usually reported more in individuals of the Japanese race.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factor in the development of elastofibroma is trauma.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

• Symptoms of elastofibroma may include the following:

• Swelling
• Pain

Physical Examination

• Patients with elastofibroma usually appear normal.
• Physical examination may be remarkable for:

• Slow growing, deep-seated, firm mass, often presenting bilaterally
• Tenderness

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Elastofibroma may also be diagnosed using biopsy and histochemistry.

Histochemistry

• File:Elastofibroma stained with elastic stain LDRT.tif

  An elastic stain photomicrograph at high power highlighting the elastic fibers in black.

  The elastic fibers will be highlighted by a Weigert or Van Gieson elastic stains.

Treatment

Surgery

• Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for elastofibroma.