Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ENPP1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1315502">{{cite journal | vauthors = Funakoshi I, Kato H, Horie K, Yano T, Hori Y, Kobayashi H, Inoue T, Suzuki H, Fukui S, Tsukahara M | title = Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase | journal = Arch Biochem Biophys | volume = 295 | issue = 1 | pages = 180–7 | date = June 1992 | pmid = 1315502 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90504-P }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5167| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1
| HGNCid = 3356
| Symbol = ENPP1
| AltSymbols =; M6S1; NPP1; NPPS; PC-1; PCA1; PDNP1
| OMIM = 173335
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 38151
| MGIid = 97370
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ENPP1_205066_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_ENPP1_205065_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003676 |text = nucleic acid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004519 |text = endonuclease activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004528 |text = phosphodiesterase I activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004551 |text = nucleotide diphosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006091 |text = generation of precursor metabolites and energy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006796 |text = phosphate metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007584 |text = response to nutrient}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009117 |text = nucleotide metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5167
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000197594
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_006199
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_006208
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 132170849
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 132257988
    | Hs_Uniprot = P22413
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 18605
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000037370
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008813
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032839
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 24330827
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 24401518
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3V3C8
  }}
}}
'''Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1''', also known as '''ENPP1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5167| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. This protein may function to hydrolyze nucleoside 5' triphosphates to their corresponding monophosphates and may also hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates. Mutations in this gene have been associated with [[Generalized arterial calcification of infancy]], [[ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament]] of the spine (OPLL), Hypophosphatemic rickets autosomal recessive 2 (ARHR2), and insulin resistance.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. This protein may function to hydrolyze nucleoside 5' triphosphates to their corresponding monophosphates and may also hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates. Mutations in this gene have been associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), and insulin resistance.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5167| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Insulin receptor]].<ref name=pmid10615944>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maddux BA, Goldfine ID | title = Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit | language =  | journal = Diabetes | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–9 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10615944 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.49.1.13 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Abate N, Chandalia M, Di Paola R, Foster DW, Grundy SM, Trischitta V | title = Mechanisms of disease: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 as a 'gatekeeper' of insulin receptors | journal = Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism | volume = 2 | issue = 12 | pages = 694–701 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17143316 | doi = 10.1038/ncpendmet0367 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bacci S, De Cosmo S, Prudente S, Trischitta V | title = ENPP1 gene, insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes | journal = Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 403–9 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17563456 | doi = 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e386c9 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Abate N, Chandalia M, Di Paola R, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanisms of disease: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 as a 'gatekeeper' of insulin receptors. |journal=Nature clinical practice. Endocrinology & metabolism |volume=2 |issue= 12 |pages= 694-701 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17143316 |doi= 10.1038/ncpendmet0367 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fadini GP, Pauletto P, Avogaro A, Rattazzi M | title = The good and the bad in the link between insulin resistance and vascular calcification | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 193 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–4 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17606264 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.015 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bacci S, De Cosmo S, Prudente S, Trischitta V |title=ENPP1 gene, insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes. |journal=Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care |volume=10 |issue= 4 |pages= 403-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17563456 |doi= 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e386c9 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Buckley MF, Loveland KA, McKinstry WJ, Garson OM, Goding JW | title = Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 265 | issue = 29 | pages = 17506–11 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2211644 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fadini GP, Pauletto P, Avogaro A, Rattazzi M |title=The good and the bad in the link between insulin resistance and vascular calcification. |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=193 |issue= 2 |pages= 241-4 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17606264 |doi= 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.015 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Belli SI, Mercuri FA, Sali A, Goding JW | title = Autophosphorylation of PC-1 (alkaline phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase) and analysis of the active site | journal = Eur. J. Biochem. | volume = 228 | issue = 3 | pages = 669–76 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7737162 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20308.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Funakoshi I, Kato H, Horie K, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase. |journal=Arch. Biochem. Biophys. |volume=295 |issue= 1 |pages= 180-7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1315502 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maddux BA, Sbraccia P, Kumakura S, Sasson S, Youngren J, Fisher A, Spencer S, Grupe A, Henzel W, Stewart TA | title = Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | journal = Nature | volume = 373 | issue = 6513 | pages = 448–51 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7830796 | doi = 10.1038/373448a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Buckley MF, Loveland KA, McKinstry WJ, ''et al.'' |title=Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 29 |pages= 17506-11 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2211644 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Belli SI, Goding JW | title = Biochemical characterization of human PC-1, an enzyme possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase I and nucleotide pyrophosphatase activities | journal = Eur. J. Biochem. | volume = 226 | issue = 2 | pages = 433–43 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8001561 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20068.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Belli SI, Mercuri FA, Sali A, Goding JW |title=Autophosphorylation of PC-1 (alkaline phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase) and analysis of the active site. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=228 |issue= 3 |pages= 669-76 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7737162 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Huang R, Rosenbach M, Vaughn R, Provvedini D, Rebbe N, Hickman S, Goding J, Terkeltaub R | title = Expression of the murine plasma cell nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase PC-1 is shared by human liver, bone, and cartilage cells. Regulation of PC-1 expression in osteosarcoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 94 | issue = 2 | pages = 560–7 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8040311 | pmc = 296131 | doi = 10.1172/JCI117370 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maddux BA, Sbraccia P, Kumakura S, ''et al.'' |title=Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |journal=Nature |volume=373 |issue= 6513 |pages= 448-51 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7830796 |doi= 10.1038/373448a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K | title = Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes | journal = Genomics | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 412–5 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9344668 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.4949 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Belli SI, Goding JW |title=Biochemical characterization of human PC-1, an enzyme possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase I and nucleotide pyrophosphatase activities. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=226 |issue= 2 |pages= 433-43 |year= 1995 |pmid= 8001561 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakamura I, Ikegawa S, Okawa A, Okuda S, Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Koyama T, Goto S, Toguchida J, Matsushita M, Ochi T, Takaoka K, Nakamura Y | title = Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 104 | issue = 6 | pages = 492–7 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10453738 | doi = 10.1007/s004390050993 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Huang R, Rosenbach M, Vaughn R, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of the murine plasma cell nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase PC-1 is shared by human liver, bone, and cartilage cells. Regulation of PC-1 expression in osteosarcoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=94 |issue= 2 |pages= 560-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8040311 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pizzuti A, Frittitta L, Argiolas A, Baratta R, Goldfine ID, Bozzali M, Ercolino T, Scarlato G, Iacoviello L, Vigneri R, Tassi V, Trischitta V | title = A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance | journal = Diabetes | volume = 48 | issue = 9 | pages = 1881–4 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10480624 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.48.9.1881 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K |title=Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes. |journal=Genomics |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 412-5 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9344668 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4949 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Andoh K, Piao JH, Terashima K, Nakamura H, Sano K | title = Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the ecto-phosphodiesterase I gene (PDNP3) expressed in glial cells | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 1446 | issue = 3 | pages = 213–24 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10524196 | doi = 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00090-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakamura I, Ikegawa S, Okawa A, ''et al.'' |title=Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL). |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=104 |issue= 6 |pages= 492-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10453738 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maddux BA, Goldfine ID | title = Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit | journal = Diabetes | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–9 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10615944 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.49.1.13 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pizzuti A, Frittitta L, Argiolas A, ''et al.'' |title=A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance. |journal=Diabetes |volume=48 |issue= 9 |pages= 1881-4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10480624 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rutsch F, Vaingankar S, Johnson K, Goldfine I, Maddux B, Schauerte P, Kalhoff H, Sano K, Boisvert WA, Superti-Furga A, Terkeltaub R | title = PC-1 nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency in idiopathic infantile arterial calcification | journal = Am. J. Pathol. | volume = 158 | issue = 2 | pages = 543–54 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11159191 | pmc = 1850320 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63996-X }}
*{{cite journal | author=Andoh K, Piao JH, Terashima K, ''et al.'' |title=Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the ecto-phosphodiesterase I gene (PDNP3) expressed in glial cells. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1446 |issue= 3 |pages= 213-24 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10524196 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Frittitta L, Baratta R, Spampinato D, Di Paola R, Pizzuti A, Vigneri R, Trischitta V | title = The Q121 PC-1 variant and obesity have additive and independent effects in causing insulin resistance | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 86 | issue = 12 | pages = 5888–91 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11739459 | doi = 10.1210/jc.86.12.5888 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maddux BA, Goldfine ID |title=Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit. |journal=Diabetes |volume=49 |issue= 1 |pages= 13-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10615944 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Ogata N, Ikeda T, Mabuchi A, Seichi A, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Ikegawa S | title = Nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene polymorphism associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine | journal = J. Bone Miner. Res. | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 138–44 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11771660 | doi = 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.1.138 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rutsch F, Vaingankar S, Johnson K, ''et al.'' |title=PC-1 nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency in idiopathic infantile arterial calcification. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=158 |issue= 2 |pages= 543-54 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11159191 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = de Azevedo MJ, Dalmáz CA, Caramori ML, Pecis M, Esteves JF, Maia AL, Gross JL | title = ACE and PC-1 gene polymorphisms in normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients: a 10-year prospective study | journal = J. Diabetes Complicat. | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–62 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12126783 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Frittitta L, Baratta R, Spampinato D, ''et al.'' |title=The Q121 PC-1 variant and obesity have additive and independent effects in causing insulin resistance. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue= 12 |pages= 5888-91 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11739459 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = De Cosmo S, Miscio G, Zucaro L, Margaglione M, Argiolas A, Thomas S, Piras G, Trevisan R, Perin PC, Bacci S, Frittitta L, Pizzuti A, Tassi V, Di Minno G, Viberti G, Trischitta V | title = The role of PC-1 and ACE genes in diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients: evidence for a polygenic control of kidney disease progression | journal = Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1402–7 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12147786 | doi = 10.1093/ndt/17.8.1402 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Ogata N, ''et al.'' |title=Nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene polymorphism associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 138-44 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11771660 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jacobsen P, Grarup N, Tarnow L, Parving HH, Pedersen O | title = PC-1 amino acid variant (K121Q) has no impact on progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients | journal = Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1408–12 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12147787 | doi = 10.1093/ndt/17.8.1408 }}
*{{cite journal | author=de Azevedo MJ, Dalmáz CA, Caramori ML, ''et al.'' |title=ACE and PC-1 gene polymorphisms in normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients: a 10-year prospective study. |journal=J. Diabetes Complicat. |volume=16 |issue= 4 |pages= 255-62 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12126783 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=De Cosmo S, Miscio G, Zucaro L, ''et al.'' |title=The role of PC-1 and ACE genes in diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients: evidence for a polygenic control of kidney disease progression. |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=17 |issue= 8 |pages= 1402-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12147786 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Jacobsen P, Grarup N, Tarnow L, ''et al.'' |title=PC-1 amino acid variant (K121Q) has no impact on progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=17 |issue= 8 |pages= 1408-12 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12147787 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 22:30, 6 February 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
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View/Edit Human

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP1 gene.[1][2]

Function

This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. This protein may function to hydrolyze nucleoside 5' triphosphates to their corresponding monophosphates and may also hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Generalized arterial calcification of infancy, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), Hypophosphatemic rickets autosomal recessive 2 (ARHR2), and insulin resistance.[2]

Interactions

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 has been shown to interact with Insulin receptor.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Funakoshi I, Kato H, Horie K, Yano T, Hori Y, Kobayashi H, Inoue T, Suzuki H, Fukui S, Tsukahara M (June 1992). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase". Arch Biochem Biophys. 295 (1): 180–7. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90504-P. PMID 1315502.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1".
  3. ↑ Maddux BA, Goldfine ID (January 2000). "Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit". Diabetes. 49 (1): 13–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.1.13. PMID 10615944.

Further reading

  • Abate N, Chandalia M, Di Paola R, Foster DW, Grundy SM, Trischitta V (2007). "Mechanisms of disease: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 as a 'gatekeeper' of insulin receptors". Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2 (12): 694–701. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0367. PMID 17143316.
  • Bacci S, De Cosmo S, Prudente S, Trischitta V (2007). "ENPP1 gene, insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes". Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 10 (4): 403–9. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e386c9. PMID 17563456.
  • Fadini GP, Pauletto P, Avogaro A, Rattazzi M (2007). "The good and the bad in the link between insulin resistance and vascular calcification". Atherosclerosis. 193 (2): 241–4. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.015. PMID 17606264.
  • Buckley MF, Loveland KA, McKinstry WJ, Garson OM, Goding JW (1990). "Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (29): 17506–11. PMID 2211644.
  • Belli SI, Mercuri FA, Sali A, Goding JW (1995). "Autophosphorylation of PC-1 (alkaline phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase) and analysis of the active site". Eur. J. Biochem. 228 (3): 669–76. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20308.x. PMID 7737162.
  • Maddux BA, Sbraccia P, Kumakura S, Sasson S, Youngren J, Fisher A, Spencer S, Grupe A, Henzel W, Stewart TA (1995). "Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Nature. 373 (6513): 448–51. doi:10.1038/373448a0. PMID 7830796.
  • Belli SI, Goding JW (1995). "Biochemical characterization of human PC-1, an enzyme possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase I and nucleotide pyrophosphatase activities". Eur. J. Biochem. 226 (2): 433–43. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20068.x. PMID 8001561.
  • Huang R, Rosenbach M, Vaughn R, Provvedini D, Rebbe N, Hickman S, Goding J, Terkeltaub R (1994). "Expression of the murine plasma cell nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase PC-1 is shared by human liver, bone, and cartilage cells. Regulation of PC-1 expression in osteosarcoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta". J. Clin. Invest. 94 (2): 560–7. doi:10.1172/JCI117370. PMC 296131. PMID 8040311.
  • Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K (1998). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes". Genomics. 45 (2): 412–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4949. PMID 9344668.
  • Nakamura I, Ikegawa S, Okawa A, Okuda S, Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Koyama T, Goto S, Toguchida J, Matsushita M, Ochi T, Takaoka K, Nakamura Y (1999). "Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL)". Hum. Genet. 104 (6): 492–7. doi:10.1007/s004390050993. PMID 10453738.
  • Pizzuti A, Frittitta L, Argiolas A, Baratta R, Goldfine ID, Bozzali M, Ercolino T, Scarlato G, Iacoviello L, Vigneri R, Tassi V, Trischitta V (1999). "A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance". Diabetes. 48 (9): 1881–4. doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.9.1881. PMID 10480624.
  • Andoh K, Piao JH, Terashima K, Nakamura H, Sano K (1999). "Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the ecto-phosphodiesterase I gene (PDNP3) expressed in glial cells". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1446 (3): 213–24. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00090-1. PMID 10524196.
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