EIF2C1: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Protein argonaute-1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''EIF2C1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10534406">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koesters R, Adams V, Betts D, Moos R, Schmid M, Siermann A, Hassam S, Weitz S, Lichter P, Heitz PU, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Briner J | title = Human eukaryotic initiation factor EIF2C1 gene: cDNA sequence, genomic organization, localization to chromosomal bands 1p34-p35, and expression | journal = Genomics | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 210–8 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10534406 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1999.5951 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12906857">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sasaki T, Shiohama A, Minoshima S, Shimizu N | title = Identification of eight members of the Argonaute family in the human genome | journal = Genomics | volume = 82 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–30 | date = Sep 2003 | pmid = 12906857 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00129-0 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: EIF2C1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=26523| accessdate = }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_EIF2C1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1si2.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1si2}}, {{PDB2|1si3}}
| Name = Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1
| HGNCid = 3262
| Symbol = EIF2C1
| AltSymbols =; AGO1; DKFZp686M13167; EIF2C; GERP95; Q99
| OMIM = 606228
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 81826
| MGIid = 2446630
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_EIF2C1_218287_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003743 |text = translation initiation factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005850 |text = eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006412 |text = translation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006446 |text = regulation of translational initiation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 26523
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000092847
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_036331
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_012199
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 36107996
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 36162487
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9UL18
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 236511
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_994455
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_999549
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1''', also known as '''EIF2C1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: EIF2C1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=26523| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic, and contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain. It may interact with dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and argonaute 4.<ref name="entrez" />
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic, and contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain. It may interact with dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and argonaute 4.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: EIF2C1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=26523| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Model organisms ==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="float: right;" |
|+ ''Eif2c1'' knockout mouse phenotype
|-
! Characteristic!! Phenotype
 
|-
| [[Homozygote]] viability || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
|-
| Fertility || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Body weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Open_Field_(animal_test)|Anxiety]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Neurological assessment || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Grip strength || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Hot_plate_test|Hot plate]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Dysmorphology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Indirect calorimetry]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Glucose tolerance test]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Auditory brainstem response]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Dual-energy_X-ray_absorptiometry|DEXA]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Radiography]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Body temperature || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Eye morphology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Clinical chemistry]] || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
|-
| [[Haematology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Micronucleus test]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Heart weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Eye Histopathology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| ''[[Salmonella]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal<ref name="''Salmonella'' infection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBKH/salmonella-challenge/ |title=''Salmonella'' infection data for Eif2c1 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Citrobacter]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal<ref name="''Citrobacter'' infection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBKH/citrobacter-challenge/ |title=''Citrobacter'' infection data for Eif2c1 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2; style="text-align: center;" | All tests and analysis from<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x | title = The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice | year = 2010 | author = Gerdin AK | journal = Acta Ophthalmologica | volume = 88 | pages =  925–7 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/ Mouse Resources Portal], Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.</ref>
|}
[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of EIF2C1 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line, called ''Eif2c1<sup>tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi</sup>''<ref name="allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.knockoutmouse.org/martsearch/search?query=Eif2c1 |title=International Knockout Mouse Consortium}}</ref><ref name="mgi_allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.informatics.jax.org/searchtool/Search.do?query=MGI:4362358 |title=Mouse Genome Informatics}}</ref> was generated as part of the [[International Knockout Mouse Consortium]] program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.<ref name="pmid21677750">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–42 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc = 3572410 | doi = 10.1038/nature10163 }}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dolgin E | title = Mouse library set to be knockout | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 262–3 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21677718 | doi = 10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W | title = A mouse for all reasons | journal = Cell | volume = 128 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–13 | date = Jan 2007 | pmid = 17218247 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref>
 
Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]] to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="mgp_reference" /><ref name="pmid21722353">{{cite journal | vauthors = van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW | title = The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 224 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21722353 | pmc = 3218837 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224 }} </ref> Twenty two tests were carried out on [[mutant]] mice and two significant abnormalities were observed: homozygous mutants were [[perinatal mortality|subviable]] and females also had decreased circulating [[aspartate transaminase]] levels. <ref name="mgp_reference" />
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carmell MA, Xuan Z, Zhang MQ, Hannon GJ | title = The Argonaute family: tentacles that reach into RNAi, developmental control, stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 16 | issue = 21 | pages = 2733–42 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12414724 | doi = 10.1101/gad.1026102 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Reddy PH, Stockburger E, Gillevet P, Tagle DA | title = Mapping and characterization of novel (CAG)n repeat cDNAs from adult human brain derived by the oligo capture method | journal = Genomics | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 174–82 | date = Dec 1997 | pmid = 9417904 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.5044 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carmell MA, Xuan Z, Zhang MQ, Hannon GJ |title=The Argonaute family: tentacles that reach into RNAi, developmental control, stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=16 |issue= 21 |pages= 2733-42 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12414724 |doi= 10.1101/gad.1026102 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cikaluk DE, Tahbaz N, Hendricks LC, DiMattia GE, Hansen D, Pilgrim D, Hobman TC | title = GERp95, a membrane-associated protein that belongs to a family of proteins involved in stem cell differentiation | journal = Molecular Biology of the Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 3357–72 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10512872 | pmc = 25603 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.10.10.3357 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reddy PH, Stockburger E, Gillevet P, Tagle DA |title=Mapping and characterization of novel (CAG)n repeat cDNAs from adult human brain derived by the oligo capture method. |journal=Genomics |volume=46 |issue= 2 |pages= 174-82 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9417904 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.5044 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Martinez J, Patkaniowska A, Urlaub H, Lührmann R, Tuschl T | title = Single-stranded antisense siRNAs guide target RNA cleavage in RNAi | journal = Cell | volume = 110 | issue = 5 | pages = 563–74 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12230974 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00908-X }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cikaluk DE, Tahbaz N, Hendricks LC, ''et al.'' |title=GERp95, a membrane-associated protein that belongs to a family of proteins involved in stem cell differentiation. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=10 |issue= 10 |pages= 3357-72 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10512872 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Doi N, Zenno S, Ueda R, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Ui-Tei K, Saigo K | title = Short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing in mammalian cells requires Dicer and eIF2C translation initiation factors | journal = Current Biology | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–6 | date = Jan 2003 | pmid = 12526743 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01394-5 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Koesters R, Adams V, Betts D, ''et al.'' |title=Human eukaryotic initiation factor EIF2C1 gene: cDNA sequence, genomic organization, localization to chromosomal bands 1p34-p35, and expression. |journal=Genomics |volume=61 |issue= 2 |pages= 210-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10534406 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5951 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ma JB, Ye K, Patel DJ | title = Structural basis for overhang-specific small interfering RNA recognition by the PAZ domain | journal = Nature | volume = 429 | issue = 6989 | pages = 318–22 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15152257 | doi = 10.1038/nature02519 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martinez J, Patkaniowska A, Urlaub H, ''et al.'' |title=Single-stranded antisense siRNAs guide target RNA cleavage in RNAi. |journal=Cell |volume=110 |issue= 5 |pages= 563-74 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12230974 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sen GL, Blau HM | title = Argonaute 2/RISC resides in sites of mammalian mRNA decay known as cytoplasmic bodies | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 633–6 | date = Jun 2005 | pmid = 15908945 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1265 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Valencia-Sanchez MA, Hannon GJ, Parker R | title = MicroRNA-dependent localization of targeted mRNAs to mammalian P-bodies | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 7 | pages = 719–23 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 15937477 | pmc = 1855297 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1274 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Doi N, Zenno S, Ueda R, ''et al.'' |title=Short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing in mammalian cells requires Dicer and eIF2C translation initiation factors. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 41-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12526743 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chu CY, Rana TM | title = Translation repression in human cells by microRNA-induced gene silencing requires RCK/p54 | journal = PLoS Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 7 | pages = e210 | date = Jul 2006 | pmid = 16756390 | pmc = 1475773 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040210 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sasaki T, Shiohama A, Minoshima S, Shimizu N |title=Identification of eight members of the Argonaute family in the human genome small star, filled. |journal=Genomics |volume=82 |issue= 3 |pages= 323-30 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12906857 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim DH, Villeneuve LM, Morris KV, Rossi JJ | title = Argonaute-1 directs siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in human cells | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 793–7 | date = Sep 2006 | pmid = 16936726 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb1142 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Janowski BA, Huffman KE, Schwartz JC, Ram R, Nordsell R, Shames DS, Minna JD, Corey DR | title = Involvement of AGO1 and AGO2 in mammalian transcriptional silencing | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 787–92 | date = Sep 2006 | pmid = 16936728 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb1140 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ma JB, Ye K, Patel DJ |title=Structural basis for overhang-specific small interfering RNA recognition by the PAZ domain. |journal=Nature |volume=429 |issue= 6989 |pages= 318-22 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15152257 |doi= 10.1038/nature02519 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sasaki T, Shimizu N | title = Evolutionary conservation of a unique amino acid sequence in human DICER protein essential for binding to Argonaute family proteins | journal = Gene | volume = 396 | issue = 2 | pages = 312–20 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17482383 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2007.04.001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sen GL, Blau HM |title=Argonaute 2/RISC resides in sites of mammalian mRNA decay known as cytoplasmic bodies. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 6 |pages= 633-6 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15908945 |doi= 10.1038/ncb1265 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liu J, Valencia-Sanchez MA, Hannon GJ, Parker R |title=MicroRNA-dependent localization of targeted mRNAs to mammalian P-bodies. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 7 |pages= 719-23 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15937477 |doi= 10.1038/ncb1274 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. |journal=Nature |volume=441 |issue= 7091 |pages= 315-21 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16710414 |doi= 10.1038/nature04727 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chu CY, Rana TM |title=Translation repression in human cells by microRNA-induced gene silencing requires RCK/p54. |journal=PLoS Biol. |volume=4 |issue= 7 |pages= e210 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16756390 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040210 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kim DH, Villeneuve LM, Morris KV, Rossi JJ |title=Argonaute-1 directs siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. |journal=Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 9 |pages= 793-7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16936726 |doi= 10.1038/nsmb1142 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Janowski BA, Huffman KE, Schwartz JC, ''et al.'' |title=Involvement of AGO1 and AGO2 in mammalian transcriptional silencing. |journal=Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 9 |pages= 787-92 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16936728 |doi= 10.1038/nsmb1140 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sasaki T, Shimizu N |title=Evolutionary conservation of a unique amino acid sequence in human DICER protein essential for binding to Argonaute family proteins. |journal=Gene |volume=396 |issue= 2 |pages= 312-20 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17482383 |doi= 10.1016/j.gene.2007.04.001 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=26523}}
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[[Category:Genes mutated in mice]]

Revision as of 02:11, 27 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
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View/Edit Human

Protein argonaute-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2C1 gene.[1][2][3]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic, and contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain. It may interact with dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and argonaute 4.[3]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of EIF2C1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Eif2c1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi[8][9] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[10][11][12]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[6][13] Twenty two tests were carried out on mutant mice and two significant abnormalities were observed: homozygous mutants were subviable and females also had decreased circulating aspartate transaminase levels. [6]

References

  1. ↑ Koesters R, Adams V, Betts D, Moos R, Schmid M, Siermann A, Hassam S, Weitz S, Lichter P, Heitz PU, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Briner J (Oct 1999). "Human eukaryotic initiation factor EIF2C1 gene: cDNA sequence, genomic organization, localization to chromosomal bands 1p34-p35, and expression". Genomics. 61 (2): 210–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5951. PMID 10534406.
  2. ↑ Sasaki T, Shiohama A, Minoshima S, Shimizu N (Sep 2003). "Identification of eight members of the Argonaute family in the human genome". Genomics. 82 (3): 323–30. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00129-0. PMID 12906857.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: EIF2C1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1".
  4. ↑ "Salmonella infection data for Eif2c1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  5. ↑ "Citrobacter infection data for Eif2c1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  7. ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  8. ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
  9. ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics".
  10. ↑ Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (Jun 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  11. ↑ Dolgin E (Jun 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  12. ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  13. ↑ van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biology. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.

Further reading

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