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| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{ADG}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{ADG}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| [[Melanoma]] was first described by [[Hippocrates]] in the 5th century BC. It was often described as the fatal black [[tumor]]. In 1838, the term ''[[melanoma]]'' was first proposed by Sir Robert Carswell, a British [[Pathology|pathologist]]. In 1956, Henry Lancaster, an Australian [[mathematician]], was the first to discover the association between [[Ultraviolet|UV radiation]] exposure and development of [[melanoma]]. In 2003, ''[[BRAF (gene)|BRAF]]'' [[Mutation|mutations]] were first identified in the [[pathogenesis]] of [[melanoma]].
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| ==Historical Perspective== | | ==Historical Perspective== |
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| === Discovery === | | === Discovery === |
| *[[Melanoma]] was first described by [[Hippocrates]] in the 5th century BC. It was often described as the fatal black [[tumor]].<ref name="pmid22740229">{{cite journal| author=Karamanou M, Liappas I, Stamboulis E, Lymperi M, Kyriakis K, Androutsos G| title=Sir Robert Carswell (1793-1857): coining the term "melanoma". | journal=J BUON | year= 2012 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 400-2 | pmid=22740229 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740229 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5326247">{{cite journal| author=Urteaga O, Pack GT| title=On the antiquity of melanoma. | journal=Cancer | year= 1966 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 607-10 | pmid=5326247 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5326247 }} </ref>
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| *Initially, [[melanoma]] was thought to be associated with black carbon deposits in [[Patient|patients]] with [[lung cancer]]. It was not until 1804 that René Laennec, a French [[physician]] and inventor of the [[stethoscope]], distinguished [[melanoma]] (referred to as ''melanose'') as a unique [[disease]].
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| *In 1838, the term ''[[melanoma]]'' was first proposed by Sir Robert Carswell, a British [[Pathology|pathologist]].<ref name="pmid22740229">{{cite journal| author=Karamanou M, Liappas I, Stamboulis E, Lymperi M, Kyriakis K, Androutsos G| title=Sir Robert Carswell (1793-1857): coining the term "melanoma". | journal=J BUON | year= 2012 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 400-2 | pmid=22740229 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740229 }} </ref>
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| *The association between [[Genetic disorder|hereditary diseases]] and [[melanoma]] was first made by William Norris, a British [[general practitioner]].<ref name="Norris">{{cite journal|author=Norris W.|title=Case of fungoid disease.|journal=Edinb Med Surg J.|year=1820|volume=16|pages=562-565|}}</ref>
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| *In 1853, Sir James Paget, a British [[surgeon]], described the characteristic radial and vertical growth phases of [[melanoma]].<ref name="pmid22395415">{{cite journal| author=Rebecca VW, Sondak VK, Smalley KS| title=A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations. | journal=Melanoma Res | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 114-22 | pmid=22395415 | doi=10.1097/CMR.0b013e328351fa4d | pmc=PMC3303163 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22395415 }} </ref>
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| *In 1905, the [[Surgery|surgical management]] using "[[excision]] and [[Dissection (medical)|dissection]] in continuity" was first suggested by William Handley, a British researcher. This [[Surgery|surgical]] approach remained the predominant [[therapeutic]] approach for the management of [[melanoma]] until the mid-20th century.<ref name="pmid22395415">{{cite journal| author=Rebecca VW, Sondak VK, Smalley KS| title=A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations. | journal=Melanoma Res | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 114-22 | pmid=22395415 | doi=10.1097/CMR.0b013e328351fa4d | pmc=PMC3303163 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22395415 }} </ref>
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| *In 1956, Henry Lancaster, an Australian [[mathematician]], was the first to discover the association between [[Ultraviolet|UV radiation]] exposure and development of [[melanoma]].<ref name="pmid22395415">{{cite journal| author=Rebecca VW, Sondak VK, Smalley KS| title=A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations. | journal=Melanoma Res | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 114-22 | pmid=22395415 | doi=10.1097/CMR.0b013e328351fa4d | pmc=PMC3303163 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22395415 }} </ref><ref name="pmid13347440">{{cite journal| author=LANCASTER HO| title=Some geographical aspects of the mortality from melanoma in Europeans. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1956 | volume= 43 | issue= 26 | pages= 1082-7 | pmid=13347440 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13347440 }} </ref>
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| *In 1970, Alexander Breslow evaluated factors that alter the [[prognosis]] of [[melanoma]], including [[tumor]] size, depth of [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]], and [[tumor]] thickness. The total vertical depth was later referred to as [[Breslow's depth]].
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| *In 2003, ''[[BRAF]]'' [[Mutation|mutations]] were first identified in the [[pathogenesis]] of [[melanoma]].<ref name="pmid22395415">{{cite journal| author=Rebecca VW, Sondak VK, Smalley KS| title=A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations. | journal=Melanoma Res | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 114-22 | pmid=22395415 | doi=10.1097/CMR.0b013e328351fa4d | pmc=PMC3303163 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22395415 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16079850">{{cite journal| author=Michaloglou C, Vredeveld LC, Soengas MS, Denoyelle C, Kuilman T, van der Horst CM et al.| title=BRAFE600-associated senescence-like cell cycle arrest of human naevi. | journal=Nature | year= 2005 | volume= 436 | issue= 7051 | pages= 720-4 | pmid=16079850 | doi=10.1038/nature03890 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16079850 }} </ref><ref name="pmid910211">{{cite journal| author=Breslow A, Macht SD| title=Optimal size of resection margin for thin cutaneous melanoma. | journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet | year= 1977 | volume= 145 | issue= 5 | pages= 691-2 | pmid=910211 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=910211 }} </ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |