Dyspareunia causes

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Dyspareunia Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

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Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dyspareunia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Common causes of dyspareunia include localized infectious and congenital disorders of the vulva, vagina, and perianal regions. Additional causes include systemic conditions and diseases.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Hemorrhoids, Renal nutcracker syndrome , Thrombosed piles
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Allergic contact dermatitis, Healed perineal lacerations, Irritant contact dermatitis, Kraurosis vulvae, Lichen planus, Lichen sclerosus, Obstetric perineal injury
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Sjögren's syndrome 
Endocrine Menopause, Perimenopause, Prolactin secreting pituitary tumour, Prolactinoma, Reduced estrogen, Reduced libido
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Inflammatory bowel disease , Irritable bowel syndrome
Genetic Congenital absence of lower part of vagina, Müllerian anomalies
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Episiotomy, Gynecologic surgery, Obstetric surgery, Vaginal surgery
Infectious Disease Atrophic vaginitis, Atrophic vulvitis, Atrophic vulvovaginitis, Autoimmune interstitial cystitis , Bartholin gland cyst, Bartholinitis, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Chlamydia, Cystitis, Herpes simplex virus, Herpes virus 2, Pelvic infection, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas, Trichomoniasis , Urethritis, Urinary tract infection, Vaginitis, Vulva infection, Vulvovaginitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Parkinson’s disease, Vaginismus, Vulval dystrophy
Neurologic Parkinson’s disease, Peripheral neuropathies
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Atrophic vaginitis, Atrophic vulvitis, Atrophic vulvovaginitis, Autoimmune endometriosis , Autoimmune interstitial cystitis , Bartholin gland cyst, Bartholinitis, Chronic pain syndromes, Congenital absence of lower part of vagina, Endometrial conditions, Endometriosis, Episiotomy, Estrogen deficiency, Estrogen-based contraceptives, Female genital mutilation, Genital system cancer , Genital tract tumor, Genital ulcers, Gonorrhea, Gynaecological conditions , Gynecologic surgery, Healed perineal lacerations, Hemorrhoids, Imperforate hymen, Inflamed hymeneal orifice, Lactation, Myofascial pelvic pain syndrome, Narrow vagina, Obstetric perineal injury, Obstetric surgery, Ovarian tumour, Pelvic adhesions, Pelvic disorders, Pelvic infection, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Pelvic malignancy, Pelvic organ prolapse, Pelvic tumor, Perimenopause, Poor vaginal lubrication, Post-childbirth, Prolapsed tender ovaries with retroverted uterus, Provoked vulvar pain, Remnants of the hymen, Salpingo-oophoritis, Unruptured hymen, Vagina cancer, Vaginal abnormality, Vaginal dryness, Vaginal surgery, Vaginismus, Virilising ovarian tumour , Vulva infection, Vulval dystrophy, Vulval neoplasia, Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome , Vulvitis, Vulvodynia, Vulvovaginitis
Oncologic Genital system cancer , Genital tract tumor, Ovarian tumour, Pelvic malignancy, Pelvic organ prolapse, Pelvic tumor, Prolactin secreting pituitary tumour, Prolactinoma, Uterine sarcoma , Uterine tumour, Vagina cancer, Virilising ovarian tumour , Vulval neoplasia, Yolk sack tumour 
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Anxiety, Depression, Psychological disorders, Reduced libido, Relationship dysfunction
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Interstitial cystitis, Renal nutcracker syndrome 
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Arthritis of the hips, Fibromyalgia, Kraurosis vulvae, Lichen planus, Menopause, Scleroderma, Sicca syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome
Sexual Chlamydia, Estrogen-based contraceptives, Female genital mutilation, Genital ulcers, Gonorrhea, Herpes simplex virus, Herpes virus 2, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas, Trichomoniasis
Trauma Allen-masters syndrome , Anal fissure, Cystitis, Trauma
Urologic Interstitial cystitis, Peyronie's disease, Urethral caruncle, Urethritis, Urinary tract infection, Uterine sarcoma , Uterine tumour
Miscellaneous Relationship dysfunction

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References