Down syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Natural History

These factors can contribute to a shorter life expectancy for people with Down syndrome. One study, carried out in the United States in 2002, showed an average lifespan of 49 years, with considerable variations between different ethnic and socio-economic groups. However, in recent decades, the life expectancy among persons with Down syndrome has increased significantly up from 25 years in 1980. The causes of death have also changed, with chronic neurodegenerative diseases becoming more common as the population ages. Most people with Down Syndrome who survive into their 40s and 50s begin to suffer from an Alzheimer's disease-like dementia.

Complications

• Airway blockage during sleep
• Compression injury of the spinal cord
• Endocarditis
• Eye problems
• Frequent ear infections and increased risk of other infections
• Hearing loss
• Heart problems
• Gastrointestinal blockage
• Weakness of the back bones at the top of the neck