Down syndrome epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality. Each year approximately 3,000 to 5,000 children are born with this chromosome disorder and it is believed there are about 250,000 families in the United States of America who are affected by Down Syndrome. Birth rates are highest among mothers of advanced maternal age however 80% of all children with Down syndrome are born to mothers younger than 35 years. Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality.
- The prevalence of Down syndrome 691 live births, worldwide; prevalence of 100.3 per 100,000)[1]
Incidence
- The estimated incidence of Down Syndrome is between 100 in 100,000 live births worldwide.[2]
- Each year approximately 3,000 to 5,000 children are born with this chromosome disorder and it is believed there are about 250,000 families in the United States of America who are affected by Down Syndrome.[3]
Maternal age
- Birth rates are highest among mothers of advanced maternal age however 80% of all children with Down syndrome are born to mothers younger than 35 years.[4]
- Maternal age influences the chances of conceiving a baby with Down syndrome. At maternal age 20 to 24, the probability is 1/1490; at age 40 the probability is 1/60, and at age 49 the probability is 1/11.[5] Although the probability increases with maternal age, 80% of children with Down syndrome are born to women under the age of 35,[6] reflecting the overall fertility of that age group. Recent data also suggest that paternal age also increases the risk of Down Syndrome manifesting in pregnancies in older mothers.[7]
Race
- Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels.[8]
Gender
- Down syndrome affects both genders equally.[9]
Prevalence of congenital malformations
- Sixty to 80 percent of children with Down syndrome have hearing deficits.
- Forty to 45 percent of children with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease.
- Intestinal abnormalities also occur at a higher frequency in children with Down syndrome.
- Children with Down Syndrome often have more eye problems than other children who do not have this chromosome disorder.
References
- ↑ Sherman SL, Allen EG, Bean LH, Freeman SB (2007). "Epidemiology of Down syndrome". Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 13 (3): 221–7. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20157. PMID 17910090.
- ↑ "WHO | Genes and human disease".
- ↑ "Down Syndrome Facts | National Down Syndrome Society".
- ↑ "WHO | Genes and human disease".
- ↑ Hook, E.B. (1981). "Rates of chromosomal abnormalities at different maternal ages". Obstet Gynecol. 58: 282. PMID 6455611
- ↑ Estimate from "National Down Syndrome Center". Retrieved 2006-04-21.
- ↑ Warner, Jennifer. "Dad's Age Raises Down Syndrome Risk, Too", "WebMD Medical News". Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ↑ "WHO | Genes and human disease".
- ↑ "WHO | Genes and human disease".