Dizziness overview

(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Dizziness Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dizziness from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Dizziness overview On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dizziness overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Dizziness overview

CDC on Dizziness overview

Dizziness overview in the news

Blogs on Dizziness overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Dizziness

Risk calculators and risk factors for Dizziness overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Debduti Mukhopadhyay, M.B.B.S[2]Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [3]

WikiDoc Resources for Dizziness overview

Articles

Most recent articles on Dizziness overview

Most cited articles on Dizziness overview

Review articles on Dizziness overview

Articles on Dizziness overview in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Dizziness overview

Images of Dizziness overview

Photos of Dizziness overview

Podcasts & MP3s on Dizziness overview

Videos on Dizziness overview

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Dizziness overview

Bandolier on Dizziness overview

TRIP on Dizziness overview

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Dizziness overview at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Dizziness overview

Clinical Trials on Dizziness overview at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Dizziness overview

NICE Guidance on Dizziness overview

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Dizziness overview

CDC on Dizziness overview

Books

Books on Dizziness overview

News

Dizziness overview in the news

Be alerted to news on Dizziness overview

News trends on Dizziness overview

Commentary

Blogs on Dizziness overview

Definitions

Definitions of Dizziness overview

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Dizziness overview

Discussion groups on Dizziness overview

Patient Handouts on Dizziness overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Dizziness overview

Risk calculators and risk factors for Dizziness overview

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Dizziness overview

Causes & Risk Factors for Dizziness overview

Diagnostic studies for Dizziness overview

Treatment of Dizziness overview

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Dizziness overview

International

Dizziness overview en Espanol

Dizziness overview en Francais

Business

Dizziness overview in the Marketplace

Patents on Dizziness overview

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Dizziness overview

Norina Usman, M.B.B.S[4]

Overview

Dizziness is a symptom rather than a condition on its own. It is a complex and subjective complaint that encompasses a wide spectrum of symptomatology. It is a sensation of postural unsteadiness or deceptive motion. It is one of the most communal presenting complaints that accounts for 5% of primary care practice for individuals aged 65 or older. Dizziness is a nonspecific term mainly used by many people and is classified into different categories: vertigo, spinning, disequilibrium, giddiness, presyncope, faintness, lightheadedness, or feeling woozy. It is one of the most common presenting symptom among patients seen by emergency medical physicians, primary care physicians, neurologists, and otolaryngologists.

Historical Perspective

Classification

Dizziness may be classified based on the symptoms of the patient into 4 main subtypes including vertigo, presyncope, [[BPPV], and disequilibrium.

Pathophysiology

It is understood that pathophysiology of dizziness depends on the etiological subtype including orthostatic hypotension, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Menier's disease, Parkinson's disease, hyperventilation syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and vestibular migraine.

Causes

Dizziness may be caused by hypotension, dehydration, arrhythmia, labyrinthitis, Meniere's disease, stroke, or hypoglycemia. Other causes are based on the organ system such as cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, dermatological, endocrine, infectious, pulmonological or side effects of the medicine.

Differentiating dizziness from other diseases

Dizziness must be differentiated from other diseases that cause vertigo, nystagmus, and hearing problems, such as vestibular neuritis, HSV oticus, Meniere disease, labyrinrhine concussion, perilymphatic fistula, semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, vestibular paroxysmia, Cogan syndrome, vestibular schwannoma, otitis media, aminoglycoside toxicity, recurrent vestibulopathy, vestibular migraine, epileptic vertigo, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cerebellar infarction/hemorrhage, brain stem ischemia, [[Arnold-Chiari malformation|chiari malformation], presyncope and disequilibrium.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Dizziness is one of the most common complaints in ambulatory care, accounting for nearly 8 million outpatient visits annually in the United States. The incidence of dizziness is approximately 50–100 million worldwide, and around 4.3 million patients in the United States. The lifetime prevalence of dizziness is expected to be 30%. Idiopathic dizziness commonly affects individuals 25 years and older in an emergency department.

Risk factors

Common risk factors in the development of dizziness include family history of thromboembolic factors (diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and rheumatic disease), cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, medication side effect (diuretics, antiepileptic drugs, opioid-based analgesics, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, antihypertensive, antifungal, lithium, benzodiazepines, antiarrhythmic, antimalarial and anti-HIV-drugs). Multiple sclerosis, seizures, brain tumors, benign positional vertigo, and labyrinthitis.


Screening

Natural history, complications and prognosis

If left untreated, patients may experience spontaneous recovery. Common complications of dizziness include nausea, vomiting, fainting, fall, imbalance and hearing loss, and neurological complications following Dix Hallpike or Epley maneuvers. Prognosis is generally good, and the 10-year mortality rate of patients with dizziness is low approximately (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.96)

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References

Template:WH Template:WS