Dizziness (patient information)

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Dizziness

Overview

What are the causes?

Who is at highest risk?

When to seek urgent medical care?

Diagnosis

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for Dizziness?

Prevention of Dizziness

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Dizziness On the Web

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

Images of Dizziness

Videos on Dizziness

FDA on Dizziness

CDC on Dizziness

Dizziness in the news

Blogs on Dizziness

Directions to Hospitals Treating Dizziness

Risk calculators and risk factors for Dizziness

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Alexandra M. Palmer

Overview

Dizziness is light-headedness, feeling like you might faint, being unsteady, loss of balance, or vertigo (a feeling that you or the room is spinning or moving). Most causes of dizziness are not serious and either quickly get better on their own or are easily treated.

What causes Dizziness?

Light-headedness happens when there is not enough blood getting to the brain. This can happen if there is a sudden drop in your blood pressure or you are dehydrated from vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or other causes. Many people, especially as they get older, experience light-headedness if they get up too quickly from a lying or seated position. Light-headedness often accompanies the flu, hypoglycemia, common cold, or allergies.

More serious conditions that can lead to light-headedness include heart problems (such as abnormal heart rhythm or heart attack), stroke, and severe drop in blood pressure (shock). If any of these serious disorders is present, you will usually have additional symptoms like chest pain, a feeling of a racing heart, loss of speech, change in vision, or other symptoms.

The most common causes of vertigo are benign positional vertigo and labyrinthitis. Benign positional vertigo is vertigo that happens when you change the position of your head. Labyrinthitis usually follows a cold or flu and is caused by a viral infection of the inner ear. Meniere's disease is another common inner ear problem. It causes vertigo, loss of balance, and ringing in the ears.

Much less commonly, vertigo or feeling unsteady is a sign of stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizures, a brain tumor, or a bleed in your brain. In such conditions, other symptoms usually accompany the vertigo or imbalance.

Who is at highest risk?

People with heart problems, stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizures, brain tumors, benign positional vertigo and labyrinthitis are likely to experience dizziness.

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call 911 or go to an emergency room if someone with dizziness also has:

Call your doctor if:

  • You have never had dizziness before.
  • Symptoms you have had in the past are different (for example, last longer than usual, are worse than before, or are interfering with your daily activities).
  • Medication is the suspected cause. Talk to your health care provider before making any changes to your medication.
  • You have any hearing loss.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will perform a physical exam, focusing on your heart, head, ears, and nervous system, and ask questions such as:

Diagnostic tests that may be performed include:

Treatment options

If you tend to get light-headed when you stand up, avoid sudden changes in posture.

If you are thirsty or light-headed, drink fluids. If you are unable to keep fluids down from nausea or vomiting, you may need intravenous fluids. These are delivered to you at the hospital.

Most times, benign positional vertigo and labyrinthitis go away on their own within a few weeks. During attacks of vertigo from any cause, try to rest and lie still. Avoid sudden changes in your position as well as bright lights. Be cautious about driving or using machinery.

Some vertigo can be reduced by working with a physical therapist. Medications from your doctor may help you feel better.

Such medications include antihistamines, sedatives, or pills for nausea. For Meniere's disease, surgery may be necessary.

Where to find medical care for Dizziness?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Dizziness

Prevention of Dizziness

Promptly treat ear infections, colds, flu, sinus congestion, and other respiratory infections. This may help prevent labyrinthitis and Meniere's disease.

If you have a cold, the flu, or other viral illness, drink plenty of fluids to prevent getting dehydrated.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Most causes of dizziness are not serious and either quickly get better on their own or are easily treated.

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003093.htm Template:WH Template:WS