Deep vein thrombosis resident survival guide

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Definition

Deep vein thrombosis (also known as deep venous thrombosis or DVT and colloquially referred to as economy class syndrome) is the formation of a blood clot ("thrombus") in a deep vein. The risk is significantly increased if the thrombus embolizes to the lungs, causing pulmonary embolism.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

  • long term immobility
  • clotting disorders
  • Cardiac failure
  • Hip replacement
  • Estrogen in OCP and HRT
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy

Diagnostic approach

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pretest Probability of DVT
Major points
*Active cancer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
low*
 
 
 
 
 
Moderate*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D-Dimer
 
 
 
 
 
D-Dimer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U/S
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative
 
Positive
 
Negative
 
Positive
 
 
 
 
 
Negative
 
 
 
Positive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No DVT
 
U/S
 
No DVT
 
U/S
 
 
 
Repeat in 7 days
 
D-Dimer
 
Treat
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative
 
Positive
 
Negative
 
Positive
 
 
 
Negative
 
 
Positive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No DVT
 
Treat
 
Repeat in 7 days
 
Treat
 
 
 
No DVT
 
{{{ G6}}}
 
{{{ G7}}}
 

Management

Do's and Don'ts

References

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