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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''DVL2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8662242">{{cite journal | vauthors = Greco TL, Sussman DJ, Camper SA | title = Dishevelled-2 maps to human chromosome 17 and distal to Wnt3a and vestigial tail (vt) on mouse chromosome 11 | journal = Mamm Genome | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 475–6 | date=January 1997| pmid = 8662242 | pmc =  | doi =10.1007/s003359900144 }}</ref><ref name="entrez"/>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_DVL2_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1l6o.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1l6o}}, {{PDB2|2f0a}}
| Name = Dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila)
| HGNCid = 3086
| Symbol = DVL2
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 602151
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20927
| MGIid = 106613
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_DVL2_57532_at_tn.png
  | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_DVL2_218759_at_tn.png
  | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001843 |text = neural tube closure}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007222 |text = Wnt receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007379 |text = segment specification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007447 |text = imaginal disc pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007507 |text = heart development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1856
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000004975
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004413
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004422
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 7069384
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 7078592
    | Hs_Uniprot = O14641
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 13543
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020888
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007888
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031914
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 69816790
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 69828496
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3V330
  }}
}}
'''Dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila)''', also known as '''DVL2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DVL2 dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1856| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
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{{PBB_Summary
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the dishevelled (dsh) protein family. The vertebrate dsh proteins have approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity with Drosophila dsh. This gene encodes a 90-kD protein that undergoes posttranslational phosphorylation to form a 95-kD cytoplasmic protein, which may play a role in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt proteins. The mechanisms of dishevelled function in Wnt signaling are likely to be conserved among metazoans.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DVL2 dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1856| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the dishevelled (dsh) protein family. The vertebrate dsh proteins have approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity with Drosophila dsh. This gene encodes a 90-kD protein that undergoes posttranslational phosphorylation to form a 95-kD cytoplasmic protein, which may play a role in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt proteins. The mechanisms of dishevelled function in Wnt signaling are likely to be conserved among metazoans.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DVL2 dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1856| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
}}
==Interactions==
DVL2 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Zinc finger protein 165]],<ref name=pmid16189514>{{cite journal |last=Rual |first=Jean-François |author2=Venkatesan Kavitha |author3=Hao Tong |author4=Hirozane-Kishikawa Tomoko |author5=Dricot Amélie |author6=Li Ning |author7=Berriz Gabriel F |author8=Gibbons Francis D |author9=Dreze Matija |author10=Ayivi-Guedehoussou Nono |author11=Klitgord Niels |author12=Simon Christophe |author13=Boxem Mike |author14=Milstein Stuart |author15=Rosenberg Jennifer |author16=Goldberg Debra S |author17=Zhang Lan V |author18=Wong Sharyl L |author19=Franklin Giovanni |author20=Li Siming |author21=Albala Joanna S |author22=Lim Janghoo |author23=Fraughton Carlene |author24=Llamosas Estelle |author25=Cevik Sebiha |author26=Bex Camille |author27=Lamesch Philippe |author28=Sikorski Robert S |author29=Vandenhaute Jean |author30=Zoghbi Huda Y |author31=Smolyar Alex |author32=Bosak Stephanie |author33=Sequerra Reynaldo |author34=Doucette-Stamm Lynn |author35=Cusick Michael E |author36=Hill David E |author37=Roth Frederick P |author38=Vidal Marc |date=October 2005|title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=437 |issue=7062 |pages=1173–8 |publisher= |location = England| pmid = 16189514 |doi = 10.1038/nature04209 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> [[DAB2]]<ref name=pmid12805222>{{cite journal |last=Hocevar |first=B A |author2=Mou F |author3=Rennolds J L |author4=Morris S M |author5=Cooper J A |author6=Howe P H  |date=June 2003|title=Regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by disabled-2 (Dab2) |journal=EMBO J. |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=3084–94 |publisher= |location = England| issn = 0261-4189| pmid = 12805222 |doi = 10.1093/emboj/cdg286 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=162138 }}</ref> and [[Arrestin beta 1]].<ref name=pmid11742073>{{cite journal |last=Chen |first=W |author2=Hu L A |author3=Semenov M V |author4=Yanagawa S |author5=Kikuchi A |author6=Lefkowitz R J |author7=Miller W E  |date=December 2001|title=β-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins |journal=[[PNAS|Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] |volume=98 |issue=26 |pages=14889–94 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0027-8424| pmid = 11742073 |doi = 10.1073/pnas.211572798 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=64954 }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Dishevelled]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =  
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Greco TL, Sussman DJ, Camper SA |title=Dishevelled-2 maps to human chromosome 17 and distal to Wnt3a and vestigial tail (vt) on mouse chromosome 11. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=7 |issue= 6 |pages= 475-6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8662242 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Pizzuti A, Amati F, Calabrese G |title=cDNA characterization and chromosomal mapping of two human homologues of the Drosophila dishevelled polarity gene |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=5 |issue= 7 |pages= 953–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8817329 |doi=10.1093/hmg/5.7.953 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pizzuti A, Amati F, Calabrese G, ''et al.'' |title=cDNA characterization and chromosomal mapping of two human homologues of the Drosophila dishevelled polarity gene. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=5 |issue= 7 |pages= 953-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8817329 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Klingensmith J, Yang Y, Axelrod JD |title=Conservation of dishevelled structure and function between flies and mice: isolation and characterization of Dvl2 |journal=Mech. Dev. |volume=58 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 15–26 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8887313 |doi=10.1016/S0925-4773(96)00549-7 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Klingensmith J, Yang Y, Axelrod JD, ''et al.'' |title=Conservation of dishevelled structure and function between flies and mice: isolation and characterization of Dvl2. |journal=Mech. Dev. |volume=58 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 15-26 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8887313 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Semënov MV, Snyder M |title=Human dishevelled genes constitute a DHR-containing multigene family |journal=Genomics |volume=42 |issue= 2 |pages= 302–10 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9192851 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4713 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Semënov MV, Snyder M |title=Human dishevelled genes constitute a DHR-containing multigene family. |journal=Genomics |volume=42 |issue= 2 |pages= 302-10 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9192851 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4713 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strovel ET, Wu D, Sussman DJ |title=Protein phosphatase 2Calpha dephosphorylates axin and activates LEF-1-dependent transcription |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 4 |pages= 2399–403 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10644691 |doi=10.1074/jbc.275.4.2399 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strovel ET, Wu D, Sussman DJ |title=Protein phosphatase 2Calpha dephosphorylates axin and activates LEF-1-dependent transcription. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 4 |pages= 2399-403 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10644691 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Song DH, Sussman DJ, Seldin DC |title=Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signaling in mammary epithelial cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 31 |pages= 23790–7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10806215 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M909107199 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Song DH, Sussman DJ, Seldin DC |title=Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signaling in mammary epithelial cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 31 |pages= 23790-7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10806215 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M909107199 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zhang Y, Neo SY, Han J, Lin SC |title=Dimerization choices control the ability of axin and dishevelled to activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 32 |pages= 25008–14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10829020 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M002491200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhang Y, Neo SY, Han J, Lin SC |title=Dimerization choices control the ability of axin and dishevelled to activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 32 |pages= 25008-14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10829020 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M002491200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Chen W, Hu LA, Semenov MV |title=β-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 26 |pages= 14889–94 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11742073 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.211572798 | pmc=64954 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen W, Hu LA, Semenov MV, ''et al.'' |title=beta-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 26 |pages= 14889-94 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11742073 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.211572798 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Habas R, Kato Y, He X |title=Wnt/Frizzled activation of Rho regulates vertebrate gastrulation and requires a novel Formin homology protein Daam1 |journal=Cell |volume=107 |issue= 7 |pages= 843–54 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11779461 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00614-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Habas R, Kato Y, He X |title=Wnt/Frizzled activation of Rho regulates vertebrate gastrulation and requires a novel Formin homology protein Daam1. |journal=Cell |volume=107 |issue= 7 |pages= 843-54 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11779461 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Habas R, Dawid IB, He X |title=Coactivation of Rac and Rho by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 295–309 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12533515 |doi= 10.1101/gad.1022203 | pmc=195976 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Habas R, Dawid IB, He X |title=Coactivation of Rac and Rho by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 295-309 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12533515 |doi= 10.1101/gad.1022203 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Chen W, ten Berge D, Brown J |title=Dishevelled 2 recruits beta-arrestin 2 to mediate Wnt5A-stimulated endocytosis of Frizzled 4 |journal=Science |volume=301 |issue= 5638 |pages= 1391–4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12958364 |doi= 10.1126/science.1082808 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen W, ten Berge D, Brown J, ''et al.'' |title=Dishevelled 2 recruits beta-arrestin 2 to mediate Wnt5A-stimulated endocytosis of Frizzled 4. |journal=Science |volume=301 |issue= 5638 |pages= 1391-4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12958364 |doi= 10.1126/science.1082808 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Wong CK, Luo W, Deng Y |title=The DIX domain protein coiled-coil-DIX1 inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by Axin and dishevelled through distinct mechanisms |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 38 |pages= 39366–73 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15262978 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M404598200 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wong CK, Luo W, Deng Y, ''et al.'' |title=The DIX domain protein coiled-coil-DIX1 inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by Axin and dishevelled through distinct mechanisms. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 38 |pages= 39366-73 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15262978 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M404598200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Torban E, Wang HJ, Groulx N, Gros P |title=Independent mutations in mouse Vangl2 that cause neural tube defects in looptail mice impair interaction with members of the Dishevelled family |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 50 |pages= 52703–13 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15456783 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M408675200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Torban E, Wang HJ, Groulx N, Gros P |title=Independent mutations in mouse Vangl2 that cause neural tube defects in looptail mice impair interaction with members of the Dishevelled family. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 50 |pages= 52703-13 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15456783 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M408675200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, ''et al.'' |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zhang L, Gao X, Wen J |title=Dapper 1 antagonizes Wnt signaling by promoting dishevelled degradation |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 13 |pages= 8607–12 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16446366 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M600274200 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhang L, Gao X, Wen J, ''et al.'' |title=Dapper 1 antagonizes Wnt signaling by promoting dishevelled degradation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 13 |pages= 8607-12 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16446366 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M600274200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C |title=A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration |journal=Cell |volume=125 |issue= 4 |pages= 801–14 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16713569 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, ''et al.'' |title=A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. |journal=Cell |volume=125 |issue= 4 |pages= 801-14 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16713569 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1856}}
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Revision as of 18:46, 30 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL2 gene.[1][2]

This gene encodes a member of the dishevelled (dsh) protein family. The vertebrate dsh proteins have approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity with Drosophila dsh. This gene encodes a 90-kD protein that undergoes posttranslational phosphorylation to form a 95-kD cytoplasmic protein, which may play a role in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt proteins. The mechanisms of dishevelled function in Wnt signaling are likely to be conserved among metazoans.[2]

Interactions

DVL2 has been shown to interact with Zinc finger protein 165,[3] DAB2[4] and Arrestin beta 1.[5]

See also

References

  1. Greco TL, Sussman DJ, Camper SA (January 1997). "Dishevelled-2 maps to human chromosome 17 and distal to Wnt3a and vestigial tail (vt) on mouse chromosome 11". Mamm Genome. 7 (6): 475–6. doi:10.1007/s003359900144. PMID 8662242.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: DVL2 dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila)".
  3. Rual, Jean-François; Venkatesan Kavitha; Hao Tong; Hirozane-Kishikawa Tomoko; Dricot Amélie; Li Ning; Berriz Gabriel F; Gibbons Francis D; Dreze Matija; Ayivi-Guedehoussou Nono; Klitgord Niels; Simon Christophe; Boxem Mike; Milstein Stuart; Rosenberg Jennifer; Goldberg Debra S; Zhang Lan V; Wong Sharyl L; Franklin Giovanni; Li Siming; Albala Joanna S; Lim Janghoo; Fraughton Carlene; Llamosas Estelle; Cevik Sebiha; Bex Camille; Lamesch Philippe; Sikorski Robert S; Vandenhaute Jean; Zoghbi Huda Y; Smolyar Alex; Bosak Stephanie; Sequerra Reynaldo; Doucette-Stamm Lynn; Cusick Michael E; Hill David E; Roth Frederick P; Vidal Marc (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. England. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
  4. Hocevar, B A; Mou F; Rennolds J L; Morris S M; Cooper J A; Howe P H (June 2003). "Regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by disabled-2 (Dab2)". EMBO J. England. 22 (12): 3084–94. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg286. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 162138. PMID 12805222.
  5. Chen, W; Hu L A; Semenov M V; Yanagawa S; Kikuchi A; Lefkowitz R J; Miller W E (December 2001). "β-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. United States. 98 (26): 14889–94. doi:10.1073/pnas.211572798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 64954. PMID 11742073.

Further reading