Cystic fibrosis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Physical Examination
- Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for:[finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
- The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
Vital Signs
- High-grade / low-grade fever
- Hypothermia / hyperthermia may be present
- Tachycardia with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
- Bradycardia with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
- Tachypnea / bradypnea
- High blood pressure [1]
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with cystic fibrosis is usually normal.
- Skin rashes (due to zinc defficiency)[2]
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
- Inflamed nares / congested nares
- Purulent exudate from the nares
- Erythematous throat with/without tonsillar swelling, exudates, and/or petechiae
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with cystic fibrosis is usually normal.
Lungs
- Asymmetric chest expansion / Decreased chest expansion
- Lungs are hypo/hyperresonant
- Fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung bases/apices unilaterally/bilaterally
- Rhonchi
- Vesicular breath sounds / Distant breath sounds
- Expiratory/inspiratory wheezing with normal / delayed expiratory phase
- Wheezing may be present
- Egophony present/absent
- Bronchophony present/absent
- Normal/reduced tactile fremitus
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with cystic fibrosis is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention
- Abdominal tenderness in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
- Rebound tenderness (positive Blumberg sign)
- Guarding may be present
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with cystic fibrosis is usually normal.
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with cystic fibrosis is usually normal.
Extremities
- Digital clubbing [2]
References
- ↑ Aziz DA, Billoo AG, Qureshi A, Khalid M, Kirmani S (2017). "Clinical and laboratory profile of children with Cystic Fibrosis: Experience of a tertiary care center in Pakistan". Pak J Med Sci. 33 (3): 554–559. doi:10.12669/pjms.333.12188. PMC 5510102. PMID 28811770.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Moskowitz SM, Chmiel JF, Sternen DL, Cheng E, Gibson RL, Marshall SG, Cutting GR (December 2008). "Clinical practice and genetic counseling for cystic fibrosis and CFTR-related disorders". Genet. Med. 10 (12): 851–68. doi:10.1097/GIM.0b013e31818e55a2. PMC 2810953. PMID 19092437.