Cyclothymia
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Cyclothymic disorder; cyclic disorder
Overview
Cyclothymia is a mood disorder. This disorder is a milder form of bipolar II disorder consisting of recurrent mood disturbances between hypomania and dysthymic mood. A single episode of hypomania is sufficient to diagnose cyclothymic disorder; however, most individuals also have dysthymic periods. The diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder is never made when there is a history of mania or major depressive episode or mixed episode (as told in "Blueprints in Psychiatry" - "mood disorders").
Causes
Cyclothymia appears to have a genetic contribution, which has been shown by a range of twin studies involving dizygotic (fraternal) and monozygotic (identical) twins.
Psychosocial factors have also been implicated, for example stressful life events or living conditions, and interpersonal difficulties. In addition, some unsupported theories posit that the hypomanic episodes have meaning in the context of a person seeking to achieve goals or to avoid depression.
Differential Diagnosis
- Bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition
- Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
- Bipolar I disorder, with rapid cycling
- Bipolar II disorder, with rapid cycling
- Borderline personality disorder
- Substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder
- Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of cyclothymic disorder is 400-1,000 per 100,000 (0.4%-1%) of the overall population.[1]
Risk Factors
- Bipolar I disorder
- Genetic predisposition[1]
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Cyclothymia[1]
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episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. AND
has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time. AND AND D. The symptoms in criterion A are not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder. AND E. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism). AND F. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
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Treatment
Treatment for cyclothymia can include a variety of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. Additionally, mood stabilizers, such as lithium and medications for anxiety and mood stabilization such as benzodiazepines, are often prescribed in low doses to treat Cyclothymia.
References
See also
de:Zyklothymie it:ciclotimia nl:Cyclothyme stoornis sr:Циклотомички поремећај fi:Syklotymia sv:Cyklotymi