Cushing's syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 19:43, 20 October 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include rapid weight gain, particularly of the trunk and face with sparing of the limbs (central obesity), a round face often referred to as a "moon face", excessive sweating,insomnia, reduced libido, impotence, amenorrhoea, infertility and psychological disturbances, ranging from euphoria to psychosis and may include depression and anxiety.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include:^[1]^[2]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include:

Rapid weight gain, particularly of the trunk and face with sparing of limbs (central obesity)
Proximal muscle weakness
A round face often referred to as a "moon face"
Excessive sweating
Headache

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include:

References

↑ Nieman LK (2015). "Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 173 (4): M33–8. doi:10.1530/EJE-15-0464. PMC 4553096. PMID 26156970.
↑ Yudofsky, Stuart C. (2007). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. ISBN 1585622397.

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[pmid26156970-1] Nieman LK (2015). "Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 173 (4): M33–8. doi:10.1530/EJE-15-0464. PMC 4553096. PMID 26156970.

[The_American_Psychiatric_Publishing_Textbook_of_Neuropsychiatry_and_Behavioral_Neurosciences-2] Yudofsky, Stuart C. (2007). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. ISBN 1585622397.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Cushing's syndrome}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MMF}}
 ==Overview==
+Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include  rapid [[obesity|weight gain]], particularly of the [[trunk]] and [[face]] with sparing of the [[limbs]] ([[central obesity]]), a [[round face]] often referred to as a "[[moon face]]", excessive [[sweating]],[[insomnia]], reduced [[libido]], [[impotence]], [[amenorrhoea]], [[infertility]] and [[Psychological|psychological disturbances]], ranging from [[Euphoria (emotion)|euphoria]] to [[psychosis]] and may include [[clinical depression|depression]] and [[anxiety]].
-==History==
 ==Symptoms==
-Symptoms include rapid [[obesity|weight gain]], particularly of the trunk and face with sparing of the limbs ([[central obesity]]), a round face often referred to as a "[[moon face]]", excess [[sweating]], [[telangiectasia]] (dilation of capillaries), thinning of the skin (which causes easy bruising) and other mucous membranes, purple or red [[striae]] (the weight gain in Cushing's stretches the skin, which is thin and weakened, causing it to hemorrhage) on the trunk, buttocks, arms, legs or breasts, proximal muscle weakness (hips, shoulders), and [[hirsutism]] (facial male-pattern hair growth). A common sign is the growth of fat pads along the collar bone and on the back of the neck (known as a [[lipodystrophy]]). The excess cortisol may also affect other endocrine systems and cause, for example, insomnia, reduced [[libido]], [[impotence]], [[amenorrhoea]] and [[infertility]]. Patients frequently suffer various psychological disturbances, ranging from [[Euphoria (emotion)|euphoria]] to [[psychosis]]. [[clinical depression|Depression]] and [[anxiety]] are also common.<ref>{{cite book |title=The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences |last=Yudofsky |first=Stuart C. |coauthors=Robert E. Hales |edition=5th |year=2007 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. |isbn=1585622397 }}</ref>
+Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include:<ref name="pmid26156970">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nieman LK |title=Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=173 |issue=4 |pages=M33–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26156970 |pmc=4553096 |doi=10.1530/EJE-15-0464 |url=}}</ref><ref name="The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences">{{cite book |title=The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences |last=Yudofsky |first=Stuart C. |edition=5th |year=2007 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. |isbn=1585622397 }}</ref>
+===Common Symptoms===
-Other signs include persistent [[hypertension]] (due to cortisol's enhancement of [[epinephrine]]'s vasoconstrictive effect) and [[insulin resistance]] (especially common in [[ectopic]] ACTH production), leading to [[hyperglycemia]] (high [[blood sugar]]s) which can lead to [[diabetes mellitus]]. Untreated Cushing's syndrome can lead to [[heart disease]] and increased [[death|mortality]]. Cushing's syndrome due to excess [[ACTH]] may also result in hyperpigmentation. This is due to Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone production as a byproduct of ACTH synthesis from Proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Cortisol can also exhibit [[mineralcorticoid]] activity in high concentrations, worsening the hypertension and leading to hypokalemia (common in ectopic ACTH secretion). Furthermore, [[gastrointestinal]] disturbances, opportunistic infections and impaired wound healing (cortisol is a stress hormone, so it depresses the immune and inflammatory responses). Osteoporosis is also problem in Cushing's Syndrome, as mentioned before, cortisol evokes a stress-like response. The body's maintenance of bone (and other tissues) is therefore no longer one of its main priorities, so to speak.
+Common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include:
+* Rapid [[obesity|weight gain]], particularly of the [[trunk]] and [[face]] with sparing of  [[limbs]] ([[central obesity]])
+*Proximal [[muscle weakness]]
+* A [[round face]] often referred to as a "[[moon face]]"
+* Excessive [[sweating]]
+*[[Headache]]
-'''Moon face''' is a medical sign where the face swells up into a rounded shape. It is often associated with [[Cushing's syndrome]], which has led to it being known as '''Cushingoid facies''' ("Cushings-like face"), or [[steroid]] treatment, which has led to the name '''steroid facies'''.
+===Less Common Symptoms===
+Less common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include:
+* [[Insomnia]]
+*Decreased [[libido]]
+*[[Impotence]]
+* [[Amenorrhoea]]
+*[[Infertility]]
+*[[clinical depression|Depression]]
+*[[Anxiety]]
 ==References==