Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The exact pathogenesis of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is not fully understood. | The exact pathogenesis of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is not fully understood. However, it occurs due to the dysregulation of innate immune system. NLRP3 gene encoding a protein called cryopyrin involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Physiology=== | ===Physiology=== | ||
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**Destructive arthropathy | **Destructive arthropathy | ||
**Secondary amyloidosis | **Secondary amyloidosis | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 21:34, 11 July 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is not fully understood. However, it occurs due to the dysregulation of innate immune system. NLRP3 gene encoding a protein called cryopyrin involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Pathophysiology
Physiology
- Inflammation is the complex immunological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli. Normally, it protects the organism from the injurious stimuli as well as initiates the healing process for the tissue.
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is not completely understood. However, it occurs due to the dysregulation of innate immune system.[1]
- Mutations in the NLRP3 gene cause abnormal activation of the inflammasome, the molecular platform that plays a pivotal role in inflammation.
- This leads to the overexpression of the key proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β.
- Excessive amounts of IL-1β triggers the uncontrolled release of inflammatory cytokines, which act synergistically with IL-1β inducing the inflammatory process. This process is mainly mediated via the recruitment and activation of neutrophils.
Genetics
- Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is transmitted in the autosomal dominant pattern.[2][3]
- NLRP3 gene encoding a protein called cryopyrin (also known as nacht domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 [NALP3] or pyrin domain-containing apoptotic protease activating factor 1-like protein [PYPAF1] involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
- Cryopyrin is derived from the Greek words for icy cold and fire. The recurrent episodes of this disease are usually triggered by cold.
Associated Conditions
- Conditions associated with Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) include:[4]
- Mild hearing loss
- Conditions associated with Muckle-Wells Syndrome include:[5]
- Hearing loss
- Secondary amyloidosis
- Conditions associated with Neonatal Onset Multisystem Autoinflammatory Disease (NOMID) include:[6][4]
- Developmental delay
- Seizure
- Hydrocephalus
- Chronic aseptic meningitis
- Uveitis
- Pericarditis
- Destructive arthropathy
- Secondary amyloidosis
References
- ↑ Hoffman, Hal M.; Simon, Anna (2009). "Recurrent febrile syndromes—what a rheumatologist needs to know". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 5 (5): 249–256. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2009.40. ISSN 1759-4790.
- ↑ Hoffman, Hal M.; Mueller, James L.; Broide, David H.; Wanderer, Alan A.; Kolodner, Richard D. (2001). "Mutation of a new gene encoding a putative pyrin-like protein causes familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle–Wells syndrome". Nature Genetics. 29 (3): 301–305. doi:10.1038/ng756. ISSN 1061-4036.
- ↑ Manthiram, Kalpana; Zhou, Qing; Aksentijevich, Ivona; Kastner, Daniel L (2017). "The monogenic autoinflammatory diseases define new pathways in human innate immunity and inflammation". Nature Immunology. 18 (8): 832–842. doi:10.1038/ni.3777. ISSN 1529-2908.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Almeida de Jesus, Adriana; Goldbach-Mansky, Raphaela (2013). "Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: Concept and clinical manifestations". Clinical Immunology. 147 (3): 155–174. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.016. ISSN 1521-6616.
- ↑ Yu, Justin R.; Leslie, Kieron S. (2010). "Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment Response". Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 11 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1007/s11882-010-0160-9. ISSN 1529-7322.
- ↑ Kim, Hanna; Montealegre Sanchez, Gina A.; Chapelle, Dawn C.; Plass, Nicole; Dwyer, Andrew; Goldbach-Mansky, Raphaela; Hill, Suvimol (2014). "A80: Skeletal Features of Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID) on Anakinra Treatment: Long-Term Follow-up". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 66: S113–S113. doi:10.1002/art.38496. ISSN 2326-5191.