Congenital rubella syndrome laboratory findings
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Laboratory Findings
Prenatal Testing
Invasive Techniques
Several invasive techniques can be done during pregnancy, depending on the gestational age. These techniques include:[1][2][3][4][5]
| Technique | Timing/ Gestational age at which it is performed | Results | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amniocentesis | after 15 weeks |
|
|
| Fetal blood sampling | after 18-20 weeks | ||
| Chorionic villus sampling | after 11 weeks |
Post-natal Serologic Testing
Isolation of Virus
Serological Testing
Several serological investigations can be done to confirm CRS. These include detection of IgM or IgG antibodies or IgG avidity. Several methods can be used, which include ELISA, hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA).[6][7]
References
- ↑ De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A (2006). "Rubella infection in pregnancy". Reprod. Toxicol. 21 (4): 390–8. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014. PMID 16580940.
- ↑ Morgan-Capner P, Hodgson J, Hambling MH, Dulake C, Coleman TJ, Boswell PA, Watkins RP, Booth J, Stern H, Best JM (1985). "Detection of rubella-specific IgM in subclinical rubella reinfection in pregnancy". Lancet. 1 (8423): 244–6. PMID 2857319.
- ↑ Ho-Terry L, Terry GM, Londesborough P, Rees KR, Wielaard F, Denissen A (1988). "Diagnosis of fetal rubella infection by nucleic acid hybridization". J. Med. Virol. 24 (2): 175–82. PMID 3351485.
- ↑ Terry GM, Ho-Terry L, Warren RC, Rodeck CH, Cohen A, Rees KR (1986). "First trimester prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella: a laboratory investigation". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 292 (6525): 930–3. PMC 1339854. PMID 3083942.
- ↑ Valente P, Sever JL (1994). "In utero diagnosis of congenital infections by direct fetal sampling". Isr. J. Med. Sci. 30 (5–6): 414–20. PMID 8034496.
- ↑ Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, O'Shea S, Banatvala JE, Best JM (1995). "PCR for detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical samples". J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 (5): 1075–9. PMC 228107. PMID 7615708.
- ↑ Tipples GA, Hamkar R, Mohktari-Azad T, Gray M, Ball J, Head C, Ratnam S (2004). "Evaluation of rubella IgM enzyme immunoassays". J. Clin. Virol. 30 (3): 233–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2003.11.006. PMID 15135741.