Congenital rubella syndrome laboratory findings

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

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Laboratory Findings

Prenatal Testing

Ultrasound

Not all fetuses infected with rubella virus in the prenatal period show visible signs on ultrasound consistent with congenital rubella syndrome. However, positive findings on ultrasound provide certainty to the diagnosis. Such findings include:

• Fetal hydrops
• Bowel hyperechogenicity
• Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)

Invasive Techniques

Several invasive techniques can be done during pregnancy, depending on the gestational age. These techniques include:

Technique	Timing/ Gestational age at which it is performed	Results	Complications
Amniocentesis	after 15 weeks	Direct isolation of the virus Viral nucleic acid quantification Detection of IgM/ IgA antibodies in fetal blood	Miscarriage Premature delivery False negative results are possible when testing for fetal antibodies. Testing for antibodies should be performed 6-8 weeks after maternal infection and after 22 weeks of gestation
Fetal blood sampling	after 18-20 weeks
Chorionic villus sampling	after 11 weeks

References

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