Confusion physical examination: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]

Latest revision as of 19:55, 2 June 2015

Confusion Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Confusion from other Symptoms

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Confusion physical examination On the Web

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Echo & Ultrasound
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MRI

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NICE Guidance

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Confusion

Risk calculators and risk factors for Confusion physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

In cases of confusion, a physical examination helps in localizing the lesion if the cause is from the brain. It also gives clues to the underlying cause of the disease. A complete neurological examination may not be done due to a limitation of the patient's condition.

Physical Examination

General Examination

A comprehensive examination may be tough due to an altered mental status of the patient.

Vital Signs

  • Temperature: An increase in temperature is significant for some infective foci.
  • Blood pressure: If the blood pressure is decreased, it can be indicative of shock and hypoperfusion.
  • Pulse: If the pulse is increased, it may be correlated to a raise in temperature.
  • Respiratory rate: There may be hyperventilation in a few conditions due to anxiety, but in severe cases leading to a coma, the respiratory rate may be compromised.

Neurologic

  • Cranial nerve examination : This is limited by uncooperative patients. Funduscopic examination helps in checking for papilledema or hemorrhages. Checking for a gag reflex to ensure safe oral feeds and medications.
  • Motor examination : This can help in diagnosing an underlying brain disease.
  • Gait evaluation : This can be used to check for a cerebellar lesion.

Other

References

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