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| {{Pneumonia}}
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| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]; [[Philip Marcus, M.D., M.P.H.]][mailto:pmarcus192@aol.com] | | {| class="infobox" style="float:right;" |
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| | |[[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Community acquired pneumonia resident survival guide]]||<br>||<br> |
| | |[[Community acquired pneumonia resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] |
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| | {{Community-acquired pneumonia|classification=Classification}} |
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| ==[[Pneumonia overview|Overview]]==
| | '''For the main page on pneumonia, click [[pneumonia|here]].''' |
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| ==[[Pneumonia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
| | '''For hospital-acquired pneumonia, click [[hospital-acquired pneumonia|here]].''' |
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| ==[[Pneumonia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
| | '''For patient information on pneumonia, click [[Pneumonia (patient information)|here]].''' |
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| ==[[Pneumonia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AL}}; {{NH}} |
| | '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' Simran Singh |
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| ==[[Pneumonia natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications & Prognosis]]==
| | {{SK}} CAP |
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| ==[[Pneumonia causes|Causes of Pneumonia]]== | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==[[Pneumonia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Pneumonia from other Diseases]]== | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| ==[[Pneumonia physical examination|Physical Examination]]== | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==Diagnosis==
| | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| ==[[Pneumonia diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic criteria]]== | |
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| == Treatment == | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia causes|Causes]]== |
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| == Prevention == | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Community-acquired pneumonia from other Diseases]]== |
| * Smoking cessation is important not only for treatment of any underlying lung disease, but also because cigarette smoke interferes with many of the body's natural defenses against CAP.
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| * Vaccinations against ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' in the first year of life have greatly reduced their role in CAP in children.
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| * A vaccine against ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' and [[influenza]] are also available for adults and is currently recommended for all healthy individuals older than 65 and any adults with [[emphysema]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[cirrhosis]], [[alcoholism]], [[cerebrospinal fluid]] leaks, or who do not have a [[asplenia|spleen]].
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| * A repeat vaccination may also be required after five or ten years.{{ref|Butler}}
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| * In addition, health care workers, nursing home residents, and pregnant women should receive the vaccine.{{ref|CDC}}
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| * When an influenza outbreak is occurring, medications such as [[amantadine]], [[rimantadine]], [[zanamivir]], and [[oseltamivir]] have been shown to prevent cases of influenza.{{ref|Hayden}}
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| ==References== | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| {{Reflist}}
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| #{{note|Sharma}} [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1852.htm Emedicine review of bacterial pneumonia]
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| #{{note|Metaly}} Metaly JP, Schulz R, Li Y-H, Singer DE, Marrie TJ, Coley CM, Hough LJ, Obrosky DS, Kapoor WN, Fine MJ. ''Influence of age on symptoms at presentation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.'' Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 1453-1459 PMID 9224224
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| #{{note|Metlay}} Metlay, JP, Kapoor, WN, Fine, MJ. D''oes this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? Diagnosing pneumonia by history and physical examination.'' JAMA 1997; 278:1440. PMID 9356004
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| #{{note|Syrjala}} Syrjala H, Broas M, Suramo I, Ojala A, Lahde S. ''High resolution computed tomography for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia.'' Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 358-363 PMID 9709887
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| #{{note|Webber}} Webber, S, Wilkinson, AR, Lindsell, D, et al. ''Neonatal pneumonia.'' Arch Dis Child 1990; 65:207.PMID 2107797
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| #{{note|Abzug}} Abzug, MJ, Beam, AC, Gyorkos, EA, Levin, MJ. ''Viral pneumonia in the first month of life.'' Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990; 9:881. PMID 2177540
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| #{{note|Wubbel}} Wubbel, L, Muniz, L, Ahmed, A, et al. ''Etiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:98.'' PMID 10048679
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| #{{note|Roux}} de Roux, A, Marcos, MA, Garcia, E, et al. ''Viral community-acquired pneumonia in nonimmunocompromised adults.'' Chest 2004; 125:1343.PMID 15078744
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| #{{note|Ruhe}} Ruhe, JJ, Myers, L, Mushatt, D, Hasbun, R. ''High-level penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia: identification of a low-risk subgroup.'' Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:508 PMID 14765343
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| #{{note|Lieberman}} Lieberman D, Schlaeffer F, Boldur I, Lieberman D, Horowitz S, Friedman MG, Leiononen M, Horovitz O, Manor E, Porath A. ''Multiple pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a one year prospective study of 346 consecutive patients.'' Thorax 1996; 51: 179-184 PMID 8711652
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| #{{note|Bradley}} Bradley, JS. ''Management of community-acquired pediatric pneumonia in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance and conjugate vaccines.'' Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:592. PMID 12182396
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| #{{note|Neiderman}} Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, Bass JB, Broughton WA, Campbell GD, Dean N, File T, Fine MJ, Gross PA, et al. ''Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention.'' Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1730–1754 PMID 11401897
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| #{{note|Mundy}} Mundy, LM, Auwaerter, PG, Oldach, D, et al. ''Community-acquired pneumonia: impact of immune status.'' Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1309. PMID 7551387
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| #{{note|Fine}} Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, Coley CM, Marrie TJ, Kapoor WN. ''A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia.'' N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243-250 PMID 8995086
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| #{{note|Woodhead}} Woodhead MA, MacFarlane JT, McCracken JS, Rose DH, Finch RG. ''Prospective study of the aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in the community.'' Lancet 1987; i: 671-674. PMID 2882091
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| #{{note|Garenne}} Garenne, M, Ronsmans, C, Campbell, H. ''The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries.'' World Health Stat Q 1992; 45:180. PMID 1462653
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| #{{note|Almirall}} Almirall, J, Bolibar, I, Balanzo, X, Gonzalez, CA. ''Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A population-based case-control study.'' Eur Respir J 1999; 13:349. PMID 10065680
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| #{{note|Butler}} Butler JC, Breiman RF, Campbell JF, Lipman HB, Broome CV, Facklam RR. ''Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy: an evaluation of current recommendations.'' JAMA 1993; 270: 1826-1831. PMID 8411526
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| #{{note|CDC}} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ''Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)''. MMWR 1999;48(RR-4):1-28.
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| #{{note|Hayden}} Hayden FG, Atmar RL, Schilling M, Johnson C, Poretz D, Paar D, Huson L, Ward P, Mills RG. ''Use of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza.'' N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1336-1343 PMID 10536125
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| ==References== | |
| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Diseaase]] | | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia screening|Screening]]== |
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| | ==[[Community-acquired pneumonia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| | ==Diagnosis== |
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| | [[Community-acquired pneumonia severity criteria| Severity Criteria]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia laboratory findings |Laboratory Findings]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia CT|CT]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| | ==Treatment== |
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| | [[Community-acquired pneumonia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Community-acquired pneumonia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| | ==Case Studies== |
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| | [[Community-acquired pneumonia case study one|Case #1]] |
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| | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[Category:Pulmonology]] | | [[Category:Pulmonology]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] | | [[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] |
| [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] |
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