Colorectal cancer primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Most colorectal cancers | Most colorectal cancers could be preventable through surveillance and improved lifestyle and nutrition. | ||
==Colorectal Cancer Primary Prevention== | ==Colorectal Cancer Primary Prevention== | ||
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*A healthy body weight | *A healthy body weight | ||
*Active lifestyle<ref name="pmid19209175">{{cite journal| author=Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, Lee IM| title=Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis. | journal=Br J Cancer | year= 2009 | volume= 100 | issue= 4 | pages= 611-6 | pmid=19209175 | doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6604917 | pmc=PMC2653744 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19209175 }} </ref> | *Active lifestyle<ref name="pmid19209175">{{cite journal| author=Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, Lee IM| title=Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis. | journal=Br J Cancer | year= 2009 | volume= 100 | issue= 4 | pages= 611-6 | pmid=19209175 | doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6604917 | pmc=PMC2653744 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19209175 }} </ref> | ||
*A healthy diet - a high intake of dietary fiber from eating fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other high fiber food products) and a low intake of fat and red meat (from eating fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other high fiber food products)<ref name="pmid11287446">{{cite journal| author=Terry P, Giovannucci E, Michels KB, Bergkvist L, Hansen H, Holmberg L et al.| title=Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2001 | volume= 93 | issue= 7 | pages= 525-33 | pmid=11287446 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11287446 }} </ref> | *A healthy diet - a high intake of dietary fiber from eating fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other high fiber food products) and a low intake of fat and red meat (from eating fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other high fiber food products)<ref name="pmid11287446">{{cite journal| author=Terry P, Giovannucci E, Michels KB, Bergkvist L, Hansen H, Holmberg L et al.| title=Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2001 | volume= 93 | issue= 7 | pages= 525-33 | pmid=11287446 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11287446 }} </ref> | ||
*Reduction of alcohol and cigarette smoking | *Reduction of alcohol and cigarette smoking | ||
*Increased intake of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) intake<ref name="pmid20233826">{{cite journal| author=Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A| title=Vitamin B6 and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. | journal=JAMA | year= 2010 | volume= 303 | issue= 11 | pages= 1077-83 | pmid=20233826 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.263 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20233826 }} </ref> | *Increased intake of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) intake<ref name="pmid20233826">{{cite journal| author=Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A| title=Vitamin B6 and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. | journal=JAMA | year= 2010 | volume= 303 | issue= 11 | pages= 1077-83 | pmid=20233826 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.263 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20233826 }} </ref> | ||
*increased intake of dietary or supplemental calcium<ref name="pmid19237724">{{cite journal| author=Park Y, Leitzmann MF, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A| title=Dairy food, calcium, and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2009 | volume= 169 | issue= 4 | pages= 391-401 | pmid=19237724 | doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.578 | pmc=PMC2796799 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19237724 }} </ref> | *increased intake of dietary or supplemental calcium<ref name="pmid19237724">{{cite journal| author=Park Y, Leitzmann MF, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A| title=Dairy food, calcium, and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2009 | volume= 169 | issue= 4 | pages= 391-401 | pmid=19237724 | doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.578 | pmc=PMC2796799 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19237724 }} </ref> | ||
*Increased intake of Vitamin D and its metabolites<ref name="pmid21861107">{{cite journal| author=Byers SW, Rowlands T, Beildeck M, Bong YS| title=Mechanism of action of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. | journal=Rev Endocr Metab Disord | year= 2012 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 31-8 | pmid=21861107 | doi=10.1007/s11154-011-9196-y | pmc=PMC3262916 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21861107 }} </ref> | *Increased intake of Vitamin D and its metabolites<ref name="pmid21861107">{{cite journal| author=Byers SW, Rowlands T, Beildeck M, Bong YS| title=Mechanism of action of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. | journal=Rev Endocr Metab Disord | year= 2012 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 31-8 | pmid=21861107 | doi=10.1007/s11154-011-9196-y | pmc=PMC3262916 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21861107 }} </ref> | ||
*Increased intake of dietary magnesium<ref name="pmid15632340">{{cite journal| author=Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A| title=Magnesium intake in relation to risk of colorectal cancer in women. | journal=JAMA | year= 2005 | volume= 293 | issue= 1 | pages= 86-9 | pmid=15632340 | doi=10.1001/jama.293.1.86 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15632340 }} </ref> | *Increased intake of dietary magnesium<ref name="pmid15632340">{{cite journal| author=Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A| title=Magnesium intake in relation to risk of colorectal cancer in women. | journal=JAMA | year= 2005 | volume= 293 | issue= 1 | pages= 86-9 | pmid=15632340 | doi=10.1001/jama.293.1.86 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15632340 }} </ref> | ||
*Increased intake of omega 3 fatty acids<ref name="pmid22513196">{{cite journal| author=Wu S, Feng B, Li K, Zhu X, Liang S, Liu X et al.| title=Fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 125 | issue= 6 | pages= 551-9.e5 | pmid=22513196 | doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.022 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22513196 }} </ref> | *Increased intake of omega 3 fatty acids<ref name="pmid22513196">{{cite journal| author=Wu S, Feng B, Li K, Zhu X, Liang S, Liu X et al.| title=Fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 125 | issue= 6 | pages= 551-9.e5 | pmid=22513196 | doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.022 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22513196 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 15 July 2015
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To view the primary prevention of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click here
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Most colorectal cancers could be preventable through surveillance and improved lifestyle and nutrition.
Colorectal Cancer Primary Prevention
Surveillance
The most common indicator of high risk is a first-degree relative with colorectal cancer[1].
- If the first-degree relative was diagnosed with CRC before 50 years of age
- The individual should be suspected of a hereditary syndrome and referred to a specialist
- The specialist will obtain a complete family history, consider genetic counseling and testing, and determine appropriate timing for endoscopic surveillance
- If a first-degree relative was diagnosed with CRC at 50 years of age or older
- The lifetime risk of CRC nearly doubles among his or her family members
- Colonoscopy is the preferred screening test for these individuals
- Screening should be initiated either when they are 40 years old or when they are 10 years younger than the age at which the family member received the diagnosis, whichever comes first
- If the individual is diagnosed with chronic ulcerative colitis or colitis due to Crohn's disease
- There is an increased risk for CRC and the individual should undergo surveillance with colonoscopy, generally beginning 8 to 10 years after the diagnosis
Lifestyle & Nutrition
- A healthy body weight
- Active lifestyle[2]
- A healthy diet - a high intake of dietary fiber from eating fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other high fiber food products) and a low intake of fat and red meat (from eating fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other high fiber food products)[3]
- Reduction of alcohol and cigarette smoking
- Increased intake of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) intake[4]
- increased intake of dietary or supplemental calcium[5]
- Increased intake of Vitamin D and its metabolites[6]
- Increased intake of dietary magnesium[7]
- Increased intake of omega 3 fatty acids[8]
References
- ↑ Lieberman, David A. (2009). "Screening for Colorectal Cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (12): 1179–1187. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0902176. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, Lee IM (2009). "Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis". Br J Cancer. 100 (4): 611–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604917. PMC 2653744. PMID 19209175.
- ↑ Terry P, Giovannucci E, Michels KB, Bergkvist L, Hansen H, Holmberg L; et al. (2001). "Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer". J Natl Cancer Inst. 93 (7): 525–33. PMID 11287446.
- ↑ Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A (2010). "Vitamin B6 and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies". JAMA. 303 (11): 1077–83. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.263. PMID 20233826.
- ↑ Park Y, Leitzmann MF, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A (2009). "Dairy food, calcium, and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study". Arch Intern Med. 169 (4): 391–401. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.578. PMC 2796799. PMID 19237724.
- ↑ Byers SW, Rowlands T, Beildeck M, Bong YS (2012). "Mechanism of action of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment". Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 13 (1): 31–8. doi:10.1007/s11154-011-9196-y. PMC 3262916. PMID 21861107.
- ↑ Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A (2005). "Magnesium intake in relation to risk of colorectal cancer in women". JAMA. 293 (1): 86–9. doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.86. PMID 15632340.
- ↑ Wu S, Feng B, Li K, Zhu X, Liang S, Liu X; et al. (2012). "Fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Am J Med. 125 (6): 551–9.e5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.022. PMID 22513196.