Colorectal cancer epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
- Colorectal cancer is one of the top three most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world, and accounts for 8% of all cancer-related deaths annually[1]. In the United States, the prevalence of colorectal cancer is 376.3 per 100,000 persons, and the incidence is 42.9 per 100,000 persons. The incidence of colorectal cancer is higher in males, the elderly, and in the African American race.
Prevalence
- In 2012, the prevalence of colorectal cancer was 376.3 per 100,000 persons in the United States[2]
Incidence
- From 2001-2010, the overall incidence rates of colorectal cancer has decreased by an average of 3.4% per year[2]
- In 2014, the incidence of colorectal cancer was 42.9 per 100,000 persons in the United States[2]
- In 2014, the incidence of colorectal deaths was 5.8 per 100,000 persons in the United States[2]
- It is predicted that the incidence of colorectal cancer will dramatically increase over the next decade from 376.3 per 100,000 persons to 690.0 per 100,000 persons worldwide, with most of the new cases occurring in developing countries (62% approximately)[1]
Age
- The prevalence of colorectal cancer increases with age[2]
- Approximately 60% of cases and 70% of deaths occur in those aged 65 years and older[2]
Gender
- Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males, the second in females, and is the third cause of cancer-related mortality in both sexes
- The incidence and mortality rates are 30% to 40% higher in men than in women overall[2]
- The male to female incidence rate ratio (IRR) is[2]:
- 1.1 - birth to 49 years
- 1.4 - 50 to 79 years
- 1.2 - 80 years and older
Race
- Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among the African American race and the least prevalent among the Asian Pacific Islander race[2]
- In 2006-2010, the colorectal cancer incidence rates among the African American race were approximately 25% higher than the Caucasian race and 50% higher than the Asian Pacific Islander race[2]
- In 2006-2010, colorectal cancer mortality rates were the following[2]:
- 29.4 per 100,000 persons among African Americans
- 19.2 per 100,000 persons among Caucasians
- 13.1 per 100,000 persons among Asian Pacific Islanders
- The incidence rate varies among certain subpulations populations, for example, the incidence of the Alaskan Native race living in Alaska is 87.1 per 100,000 persons and those living in New Mexico is 31.2 per 100,000 persons[2]
- The incidence of colorectal cancer vary widely in the United States, for example, the Caucasian race has the lowest rates in the District of Columbia and the highest rates in Kentucky[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bishehsari F, Mahdavinia M, Vacca M, Malekzadeh R, Mariani-Costantini R (2014). "Epidemiological transition of colorectal cancer in developing countries: environmental factors, molecular pathways, and opportunities for prevention". World J Gastroenterol. 20 (20): 6055–72. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6055. PMC 4033445. PMID 24876728.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 Siegel, Rebecca; DeSantis, Carol; Jemal, Ahmedin (2014). "Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 64 (2): 104–117. doi:10.3322/caac.21220. ISSN 0007-9235.