Clostridium difficile infection

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Clostridium difficile
C. difficile colonies on a blood agar plate.
C. difficile colonies on a blood agar plate.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Division: Firmicutes
Class: Clostridia
Order: Clostridiales
Family: Clostridiaceae
Genus: Clostridium
Species: C. difficile
Binomial name
Clostridium difficile
Hall & O'Toole, 1935

Clostridium difficile Microchapters

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Differentiating Clostridium difficile from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abhishek Deshpande, M.D., PhD

Synonyms and keywords: C. Diff

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Clostridium difficile from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

References

The content on this page was first contributed by: Ellison L. Smith, M.D.

Further reading

  • Dallal R, Harbrecht B, Boujoukas A, Sirio C, Farkas L, Lee K, Simmons R (2002). "Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications". Ann Surg. 235 (3): 363–72. PMID 11882758.
  • Martin S, Jung R (2005). Gastrointestinal infections and enterotoxigenic poisonings. In: Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, editors) (6th ed. ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. pp. 2042-2043. ISBN.
  • McDonald L, Killgore G, Thompson A, Owens R, Kazakova S, Sambol S, Johnson S, Gerding D (2005). "An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile". N Engl J Med. 353 (23): 2433–41. PMID 16322603.
  • Yamada T; Alpers DH (editors) (2003). Textbook of Gastroenterology (4th ed. ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. pp. 1870-1875. ISBN 0-7817-2861-4.
  • Sunenshine R, McDonald L (2006). "Clostridium difficile-associated disease: New challenges from an established pathogen". Cleveland Clinic J. Med. 73: 187.

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