Chronic pancreatitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

The causes of pancreatitis are many but at least 70% of adult cases are associated with chronic alcohol use, and most patients have consumed more than 80 g/day of alcohol over six to twelve years.[1][2]

  • Major associations with chronic pancreatitis [3][4][5]
    • Alcohol[6][7][8][9][10][11]
      • ≥80 g of ethanol consumption a day for at least 5 years
      • Most common cause in men
      • Least common cause in women[12]
    • Tropical pancreatitis[13][14][15]
    • Autoimmunity
      • Autoimmune pancreatitis
      • Associated with other systemic disorders (Sjogren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or primary biliary cholangitis)
    • Obstruction[16]
      • Fibrotic stenosis of either the papilla of Vater or the main pancreatic duct
      • Trauma
      • Pseudocysts
      • Stones
      • Tumors
      • Pancreas divisum[17] [18][19][20]
    • Anatomic variations
      • Pancreas divisum[17] [18][19][20]
      • Paraduodenal pancreatitis (Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall/groove pancreatitis[21])
    • Metabolic or systemic diseases
      • Hypercalcemia
      • Hypertryglyceridemia[22]
      • Hyperparathyroidism[23]
      • Cystic fibrosis[24]
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus[25]
    • Genetic
    • Idiopathic

References

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  2. Mitchell RMS et al. Pancreatitis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1447–55
  3. Mitchell RMS et al. Pancreatitis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1447–55
  4. Frulloni et al. Chronic pancreatitis: Report from a multicenter Italian survey (PanCroInfAISP) on 893 patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Apr;41(4):311-7
  5. Adsay NV et al. Paraduodenal pancreatitis: a clinico-pathologically distinct entity unifying "cystic dystrophy of heterotopic pancreas", "para-duodenal wall cyst", and "groove pancreatitis". Semin Diagn Pathol. 2004 Nov;21(4):247-54.
  6. Lu Z, Karne S, Kolodecik T, Gorelick FS (2002). "Alcohols enhance caerulein-induced zymogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells". Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282 (3): G501–7. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00388.2001. PMC 2830557. PMID 11842000.
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  23. Bess MA, Edis AJ, van Heerden JA (1980). "Hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. Chance or a causal association?". JAMA. 243 (3): 246–7. PMID 7350371.
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