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{{Chronic neutrophilic leukemia}}
{{Chronic neutrophilic leukemia}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; [[Homa Najafi, M.D.|{{AE}}Homa Najafi, M.D.]]
==Overview==
==Overview==
The exact pathogenesis of Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is not fully understood. Some cytogenic abnormalities like trisomy 7,8,9,21, deletion 11q, 20q6,7  may be seen in CNL patients. The mutation of CSF3R is seen in most patients. Moreover of mutation in CSF3R, there are some other genetic mutations which are less common.  
The exact [[pathogenesis]] of Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is not fully understood. Some [[cytogenic]] abnormalities like [[trisomy 7]],8,9,21, deletion 11q, 20q6,7  may be seen in CNL patients. The [[mutation]] of [[CSF3R]] is seen in most patients. Moreover of mutation in CSF3R, there are some other [[Genetics|genetic]] [[Mutation|mutations]] which are less common.  


Polycythemia vera, plasma cell disorders and nephrotic syndrome can be associated with CNL.  
[[Polycythemia vera]], [[Plasma cell disorder|plasma cell disorders]] and [[nephrotic syndrome]] can be associated with CNL.  


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
===Pathogenesis===
===Pathogenesis===
*It is understood that clonality has a role in the pathogenesis of CNL.<ref>{{Cite journal
*It is understood that [[clonality]] has a role in the [[pathogenesis]] of CNL.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[J. Bohm]], [[S. Kock]], [[H. E. Schaefer]] & [[P. Fisch]]
  | author = [[J. Bohm]], [[S. Kock]], [[H. E. Schaefer]] & [[P. Fisch]]
  | title = Evidence of clonality in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia
  | title = Evidence of clonality in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia
Line 53: Line 53:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
**Specific ones:
**Specific ones:
***Trisomy 8
***[[Trisomy 8]]
***Trisomy 21
***[[Trisomy 21]]
***Deletion 11q
***[[Deletion 11q]]
***Deletion 20q6
***[[Deletion 20q6]]
**non-specific ones:
**non-specific ones:
***Deletion Y  
***[[Deletion Y]]
***Trisomy 7
***[[Trisomy 7]]
***Trisomy 9
***[[Trisomy 9]]
***Detection of JAK2V617F
***[[JAK2V617F|Detection of JAK2V617F]]


*The progression to CNL usually involves the CSF3R mutation. CSF3R encodes the receptor of CSF3 that is neutrophilic growth factor. This mutation causes autonomous cell proliferation.<ref name="BeekmanValkhof2012">{{cite journal|last1=Beekman|first1=R.|last2=Valkhof|first2=M. G.|last3=Sanders|first3=M. A.|last4=van Strien|first4=P. M. H.|last5=Haanstra|first5=J. R.|last6=Broeders|first6=L.|last7=Geertsma-Kleinekoort|first7=W. M.|last8=Veerman|first8=A. J. P.|last9=Valk|first9=P. J. M.|last10=Verhaak|first10=R. G.|last11=Lowenberg|first11=B.|last12=Touw|first12=I. P.|title=Sequential gain of mutations in severe congenital neutropenia progressing to acute myeloid leukemia|journal=Blood|volume=119|issue=22|year=2012|pages=5071–5077|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2012-01-406116}}</ref><ref name="DongBrynes1995">{{cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=Fan|last2=Brynes|first2=Russell K.|last3=Tidow|first3=Nicola|last4=Welte|first4=Karl|last5=Löwenberg|first5=Bob|last6=Touw|first6=Ivo P.|title=Mutations in the Gene for the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating–Factor Receptor in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Preceded by Severe Congenital Neutropenia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=333|issue=8|year=1995|pages=487–493|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199508243330804}}</ref>
*The progression to CNL usually involves the [[CSF3R]] [[mutation]]. [[CSF3R]] [[encodes]] the [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] of [[CSF3R|CSF3]] that is [[neutrophilic growth factor]]. This [[mutation]] causes autonomous [[cell proliferation]].<ref name="BeekmanValkhof2012">{{cite journal|last1=Beekman|first1=R.|last2=Valkhof|first2=M. G.|last3=Sanders|first3=M. A.|last4=van Strien|first4=P. M. H.|last5=Haanstra|first5=J. R.|last6=Broeders|first6=L.|last7=Geertsma-Kleinekoort|first7=W. M.|last8=Veerman|first8=A. J. P.|last9=Valk|first9=P. J. M.|last10=Verhaak|first10=R. G.|last11=Lowenberg|first11=B.|last12=Touw|first12=I. P.|title=Sequential gain of mutations in severe congenital neutropenia progressing to acute myeloid leukemia|journal=Blood|volume=119|issue=22|year=2012|pages=5071–5077|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2012-01-406116}}</ref><ref name="DongBrynes1995">{{cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=Fan|last2=Brynes|first2=Russell K.|last3=Tidow|first3=Nicola|last4=Welte|first4=Karl|last5=Löwenberg|first5=Bob|last6=Touw|first6=Ivo P.|title=Mutations in the Gene for the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating–Factor Receptor in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Preceded by Severe Congenital Neutropenia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=333|issue=8|year=1995|pages=487–493|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199508243330804}}</ref>


==Genetics==
==Genetics==
The development of CNL is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:<ref name="PardananiLasho2013">{{cite journal|last1=Pardanani|first1=A|last2=Lasho|first2=T L|last3=Laborde|first3=R R|last4=Elliott|first4=M|last5=Hanson|first5=C A|last6=Knudson|first6=R A|last7=Ketterling|first7=R P|last8=Maxson|first8=J E|last9=Tyner|first9=J W|last10=Tefferi|first10=A|title=CSF3R T618I is a highly prevalent and specific mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia|journal=Leukemia|volume=27|issue=9|year=2013|pages=1870–1873|issn=0887-6924|doi=10.1038/leu.2013.122}}</ref><ref name="ElliottPardanani2015">{{cite journal|last1=Elliott|first1=Michelle A.|last2=Pardanani|first2=Animesh|last3=Hanson|first3=Curtis A.|last4=Lasho|first4=Terra L.|last5=Finke|first5=Christy M.|last6=Belachew|first6=Alem A.|last7=Tefferi|first7=Ayalew|title=ASXL1mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental inCSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia|journal=American Journal of Hematology|volume=90|issue=7|year=2015|pages=653–656|issn=03618609|doi=10.1002/ajh.24031}}</ref><ref name="MaxsonGotlib2013">{{cite journal|last1=Maxson|first1=Julia E.|last2=Gotlib|first2=Jason|last3=Pollyea|first3=Daniel A.|last4=Fleischman|first4=Angela G.|last5=Agarwal|first5=Anupriya|last6=Eide|first6=Christopher A.|last7=Bottomly|first7=Daniel|last8=Wilmot|first8=Beth|last9=McWeeney|first9=Shannon K.|last10=Tognon|first10=Cristina E.|last11=Pond|first11=J. Blake|last12=Collins|first12=Robert H.|last13=Goueli|first13=Basem|last14=Oh|first14=Stephen T.|last15=Deininger|first15=Michael W.|last16=Chang|first16=Bill H.|last17=Loriaux|first17=Marc M.|last18=Druker|first18=Brian J.|last19=Tyner|first19=Jeffrey W.|title=Oncogenic CSF3R Mutations in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical CML|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=368|issue=19|year=2013|pages=1781–1790|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1214514}}</ref><ref name="GotlibMaxson2013">{{cite journal|last1=Gotlib|first1=J.|last2=Maxson|first2=J. E.|last3=George|first3=T. I.|last4=Tyner|first4=J. W.|title=The new genetics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML: implications for diagnosis and treatment|journal=Blood|volume=122|issue=10|year=2013|pages=1707–1711|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2013-05-500959}}</ref><ref name="MeggendorferHaferlach2014">{{cite journal|last1=Meggendorfer|first1=M.|last2=Haferlach|first2=T.|last3=Alpermann|first3=T.|last4=Jeromin|first4=S.|last5=Haferlach|first5=C.|last6=Kern|first6=W.|last7=Schnittger|first7=S.|title=Specific molecular mutation patterns delineate chronic neutrophilic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia|journal=Haematologica|volume=99|issue=12|year=2014|pages=e244–e246|issn=0390-6078|doi=10.3324/haematol.2014.113159}}</ref><ref name="CuiLi2014">{{cite journal|last1=Cui|first1=Yajuan|last2=Li|first2=Bing|last3=Gale|first3=Robert Peter|last4=Jiang|first4=Qian|last5=Xu|first5=Zefeng|last6=Qin|first6=Tiejun|last7=Zhang|first7=Peihong|last8=Zhang|first8=Yue|last9=Xiao|first9=Zhijian|title=CSF3R, SETBP1 and CALR mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia|journal=Journal of Hematology & Oncology|volume=7|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1756-8722|doi=10.1186/s13045-014-0077-1}}</ref><ref name="DaoTyner2015">{{cite journal|last1=Dao|first1=K.-H. T.|last2=Tyner|first2=J. W.|title=What's different about atypical CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia?|journal=Hematology|volume=2015|issue=1|year=2015|pages=264–271|issn=1520-4391|doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.264}}</ref>
The [[development]] of CNL is the result of multiple [[genetic]] [[Mutation|mutations]] such as:<ref name="PardananiLasho2013">{{cite journal|last1=Pardanani|first1=A|last2=Lasho|first2=T L|last3=Laborde|first3=R R|last4=Elliott|first4=M|last5=Hanson|first5=C A|last6=Knudson|first6=R A|last7=Ketterling|first7=R P|last8=Maxson|first8=J E|last9=Tyner|first9=J W|last10=Tefferi|first10=A|title=CSF3R T618I is a highly prevalent and specific mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia|journal=Leukemia|volume=27|issue=9|year=2013|pages=1870–1873|issn=0887-6924|doi=10.1038/leu.2013.122}}</ref><ref name="ElliottPardanani2015">{{cite journal|last1=Elliott|first1=Michelle A.|last2=Pardanani|first2=Animesh|last3=Hanson|first3=Curtis A.|last4=Lasho|first4=Terra L.|last5=Finke|first5=Christy M.|last6=Belachew|first6=Alem A.|last7=Tefferi|first7=Ayalew|title=ASXL1mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental inCSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia|journal=American Journal of Hematology|volume=90|issue=7|year=2015|pages=653–656|issn=03618609|doi=10.1002/ajh.24031}}</ref><ref name="MaxsonGotlib2013">{{cite journal|last1=Maxson|first1=Julia E.|last2=Gotlib|first2=Jason|last3=Pollyea|first3=Daniel A.|last4=Fleischman|first4=Angela G.|last5=Agarwal|first5=Anupriya|last6=Eide|first6=Christopher A.|last7=Bottomly|first7=Daniel|last8=Wilmot|first8=Beth|last9=McWeeney|first9=Shannon K.|last10=Tognon|first10=Cristina E.|last11=Pond|first11=J. Blake|last12=Collins|first12=Robert H.|last13=Goueli|first13=Basem|last14=Oh|first14=Stephen T.|last15=Deininger|first15=Michael W.|last16=Chang|first16=Bill H.|last17=Loriaux|first17=Marc M.|last18=Druker|first18=Brian J.|last19=Tyner|first19=Jeffrey W.|title=Oncogenic CSF3R Mutations in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical CML|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=368|issue=19|year=2013|pages=1781–1790|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1214514}}</ref><ref name="GotlibMaxson2013">{{cite journal|last1=Gotlib|first1=J.|last2=Maxson|first2=J. E.|last3=George|first3=T. I.|last4=Tyner|first4=J. W.|title=The new genetics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML: implications for diagnosis and treatment|journal=Blood|volume=122|issue=10|year=2013|pages=1707–1711|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2013-05-500959}}</ref><ref name="MeggendorferHaferlach2014">{{cite journal|last1=Meggendorfer|first1=M.|last2=Haferlach|first2=T.|last3=Alpermann|first3=T.|last4=Jeromin|first4=S.|last5=Haferlach|first5=C.|last6=Kern|first6=W.|last7=Schnittger|first7=S.|title=Specific molecular mutation patterns delineate chronic neutrophilic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia|journal=Haematologica|volume=99|issue=12|year=2014|pages=e244–e246|issn=0390-6078|doi=10.3324/haematol.2014.113159}}</ref><ref name="CuiLi2014">{{cite journal|last1=Cui|first1=Yajuan|last2=Li|first2=Bing|last3=Gale|first3=Robert Peter|last4=Jiang|first4=Qian|last5=Xu|first5=Zefeng|last6=Qin|first6=Tiejun|last7=Zhang|first7=Peihong|last8=Zhang|first8=Yue|last9=Xiao|first9=Zhijian|title=CSF3R, SETBP1 and CALR mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia|journal=Journal of Hematology & Oncology|volume=7|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1756-8722|doi=10.1186/s13045-014-0077-1}}</ref><ref name="DaoTyner2015">{{cite journal|last1=Dao|first1=K.-H. T.|last2=Tyner|first2=J. W.|title=What's different about atypical CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia?|journal=Hematology|volume=2015|issue=1|year=2015|pages=264–271|issn=1520-4391|doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.264}}</ref>
*CSF3R
*[[CSF3R]]
*SETBP1
*[[SETBP1]]
*ASXL1
*[[ASXL1]]
*TET2
*[[TET2]]
*EZH2,
*[[EZH2]]
*KDM6A
*[[KDM6A]]


==Associated Conditions==
==Associated Conditions==
Line 86: Line 86:
  | pmid = 25366011
  | pmid = 25366011
}}</ref><ref name="BainAhmad2015">{{cite journal|last1=Bain|first1=Barbara J.|last2=Ahmad|first2=Shahzaib|title=Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and plasma cell-related neutrophilic leukaemoid reactions|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=171|issue=3|year=2015|pages=400–410|issn=00071048|doi=10.1111/bjh.13600}}</ref><ref name="HiguchiOba2009">{{cite journal|last1=Higuchi|first1=Takakazu|last2=Oba|first2=Remi|last3=Endo|first3=Mitsue|last4=Harada|first4=Hiroshi|last5=Mori|first5=Hiraku|last6=Niikura|first6=Haruo|last7=Omine|first7=Mitsuhiro|last8=Fujita|first8=Kazuhiro|title=Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia|journal=Leukemia & Lymphoma|volume=33|issue=1-2|year=2009|pages=203–206|issn=1042-8194|doi=10.3109/10428199909093744}}</ref><ref name="LeeMoon2004">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Seung Soon|last2=Moon|first2=Joon Ho|last3=Ha|first3=Jun Wook|last4=Lee|first4=Young Kyung|last5=Ahn|first5=Jin Seok|last6=Zang|first6=Dae Young|last7=Kim|first7=Hyo Jung|title=A Case of Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia|journal=The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=19|issue=4|year=2004|pages=285–288|issn=1226-3303|doi=10.3904/kjim.2004.19.4.285}}</ref><ref name="CehreliUndar1994">{{cite journal|last1=Cehreli|first1=Cavit|last2=Undar|first2=Bulent|last3=Akkoc|first3=Nurullah|last4=Onvural|first4=Banu|last5=Altungoz|first5=Oguz|title=Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Light Chain Myeloma|journal=Acta Haematologica|volume=91|issue=1|year=1994|pages=32–34|issn=0001-5792|doi=10.1159/000204241}}</ref><ref name="DinÇolNalÇacI2009">{{cite journal|last1=DinÇol|first1=GünÇağ|last2=NalÇacI|first2=Meliha|last3=Doğan|first3=Öner|last4=Aktan|first4=Melih|last5=KüÇükkaya|first5=Reyhan|last6=Ağan|first6=Mehmet|last7=DinÇol|first7=Koray|title=Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Multiple Myeloma|journal=Leukemia & Lymphoma|volume=43|issue=3|year=2009|pages=649–651|issn=1042-8194|doi=10.1080/10428190290012218}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="BainAhmad2015">{{cite journal|last1=Bain|first1=Barbara J.|last2=Ahmad|first2=Shahzaib|title=Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and plasma cell-related neutrophilic leukaemoid reactions|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=171|issue=3|year=2015|pages=400–410|issn=00071048|doi=10.1111/bjh.13600}}</ref><ref name="HiguchiOba2009">{{cite journal|last1=Higuchi|first1=Takakazu|last2=Oba|first2=Remi|last3=Endo|first3=Mitsue|last4=Harada|first4=Hiroshi|last5=Mori|first5=Hiraku|last6=Niikura|first6=Haruo|last7=Omine|first7=Mitsuhiro|last8=Fujita|first8=Kazuhiro|title=Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia|journal=Leukemia & Lymphoma|volume=33|issue=1-2|year=2009|pages=203–206|issn=1042-8194|doi=10.3109/10428199909093744}}</ref><ref name="LeeMoon2004">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Seung Soon|last2=Moon|first2=Joon Ho|last3=Ha|first3=Jun Wook|last4=Lee|first4=Young Kyung|last5=Ahn|first5=Jin Seok|last6=Zang|first6=Dae Young|last7=Kim|first7=Hyo Jung|title=A Case of Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia|journal=The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=19|issue=4|year=2004|pages=285–288|issn=1226-3303|doi=10.3904/kjim.2004.19.4.285}}</ref><ref name="CehreliUndar1994">{{cite journal|last1=Cehreli|first1=Cavit|last2=Undar|first2=Bulent|last3=Akkoc|first3=Nurullah|last4=Onvural|first4=Banu|last5=Altungoz|first5=Oguz|title=Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Light Chain Myeloma|journal=Acta Haematologica|volume=91|issue=1|year=1994|pages=32–34|issn=0001-5792|doi=10.1159/000204241}}</ref><ref name="DinÇolNalÇacI2009">{{cite journal|last1=DinÇol|first1=GünÇağ|last2=NalÇacI|first2=Meliha|last3=Doğan|first3=Öner|last4=Aktan|first4=Melih|last5=KüÇükkaya|first5=Reyhan|last6=Ağan|first6=Mehmet|last7=DinÇol|first7=Koray|title=Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Multiple Myeloma|journal=Leukemia & Lymphoma|volume=43|issue=3|year=2009|pages=649–651|issn=1042-8194|doi=10.1080/10428190290012218}}</ref>
*Polycythemia vera
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*Plasma cell disorders:
*[[Plasma cell disorder|Plasma cell disorders]]:
**Multiple myeloma
**[[Multiple myeloma]]
**Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
**[[Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance]]
**Plasmacytoma
**[[Plasmacytoma]]
*Nephrotic syndrome
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]


==Gross Pathology==
==Gross Pathology==

Revision as of 16:26, 21 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is not fully understood. Some cytogenic abnormalities like trisomy 7,8,9,21, deletion 11q, 20q6,7 may be seen in CNL patients. The mutation of CSF3R is seen in most patients. Moreover of mutation in CSF3R, there are some other genetic mutations which are less common.

Polycythemia vera, plasma cell disorders and nephrotic syndrome can be associated with CNL.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Genetics

The development of CNL is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:[11][2][12][13][14][15][16]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with CNL include:[17][18][19][20][21][22]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

References

  1. ↑ J. Bohm, S. Kock, H. E. Schaefer & P. Fisch (2003). "Evidence of clonality in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia". Journal of clinical pathology. 56 (4): 292–295. PMID 12663642. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Elliott, Michelle A.; Pardanani, Animesh; Hanson, Curtis A.; Lasho, Terra L.; Finke, Christy M.; Belachew, Alem A.; Tefferi, Ayalew (2015). "ASXL1mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental inCSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia". American Journal of Hematology. 90 (7): 653–656. doi:10.1002/ajh.24031. ISSN 0361-8609.
  3. ↑ John T. Reilly (2002). "Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia: a distinct clinical entity?". British journal of haematology. 116 (1): 10–18. PMID 11841395. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Piliotis, E.; Kutas, G.; Lipton, J.H. (2009). "Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Management of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 43 (10): 2051–2054. doi:10.1080/1042819021000016087. ISSN 1042-8194.
  5. ↑ Elliott, M A; Hanson, C A; Dewald, G W; Smoley, S A; Lasho, T L; Tefferi, A (2004). "WHO-defined chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a long-term analysis of 12 cases and a critical review of the literature". Leukemia. 19 (2): 313–317. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403562. ISSN 0887-6924.
  6. ↑ Donato, Carlo Di; Croci, Gianfranco; Lazzari, Stefano; Scarduelli, Laura; Vignoli, Roberto; Buia, Marco; Tramaloni, Casimiro; Maccari, Sergio; Plancher, Angelo Cesare (1986). "Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia: Description of a New Case with Karyotypic Abnormalities". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 85 (3): 369–371. doi:10.1093/ajcp/85.3.369. ISSN 1943-7722.
  7. ↑ Michelle A. Elliott (2004). "Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a contemporary review". Current hematology reports. 3 (3): 210–217. PMID 15087070. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Donald P. Mc Lornan, Melanie J. Percy, Amy V. Jones, Nicholas C. P. Cross & Mary Frances Mc Mullin (2005). "Chronic neutrophilic leukemia with an associated V617F JAK2 tyrosine kinase mutation". Haematologica. 90 (12): 1696–1697. PMID 16330446. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Beekman, R.; Valkhof, M. G.; Sanders, M. A.; van Strien, P. M. H.; Haanstra, J. R.; Broeders, L.; Geertsma-Kleinekoort, W. M.; Veerman, A. J. P.; Valk, P. J. M.; Verhaak, R. G.; Lowenberg, B.; Touw, I. P. (2012). "Sequential gain of mutations in severe congenital neutropenia progressing to acute myeloid leukemia". Blood. 119 (22): 5071–5077. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-01-406116. ISSN 0006-4971.
  10. ↑ Dong, Fan; Brynes, Russell K.; Tidow, Nicola; Welte, Karl; Löwenberg, Bob; Touw, Ivo P. (1995). "Mutations in the Gene for the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating–Factor Receptor in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Preceded by Severe Congenital Neutropenia". New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (8): 487–493. doi:10.1056/NEJM199508243330804. ISSN 0028-4793.
  11. ↑ Pardanani, A; Lasho, T L; Laborde, R R; Elliott, M; Hanson, C A; Knudson, R A; Ketterling, R P; Maxson, J E; Tyner, J W; Tefferi, A (2013). "CSF3R T618I is a highly prevalent and specific mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia". Leukemia. 27 (9): 1870–1873. doi:10.1038/leu.2013.122. ISSN 0887-6924.
  12. ↑ Maxson, Julia E.; Gotlib, Jason; Pollyea, Daniel A.; Fleischman, Angela G.; Agarwal, Anupriya; Eide, Christopher A.; Bottomly, Daniel; Wilmot, Beth; McWeeney, Shannon K.; Tognon, Cristina E.; Pond, J. Blake; Collins, Robert H.; Goueli, Basem; Oh, Stephen T.; Deininger, Michael W.; Chang, Bill H.; Loriaux, Marc M.; Druker, Brian J.; Tyner, Jeffrey W. (2013). "Oncogenic CSF3R Mutations in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical CML". New England Journal of Medicine. 368 (19): 1781–1790. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1214514. ISSN 0028-4793.
  13. ↑ Gotlib, J.; Maxson, J. E.; George, T. I.; Tyner, J. W. (2013). "The new genetics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML: implications for diagnosis and treatment". Blood. 122 (10): 1707–1711. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-05-500959. ISSN 0006-4971.
  14. ↑ Meggendorfer, M.; Haferlach, T.; Alpermann, T.; Jeromin, S.; Haferlach, C.; Kern, W.; Schnittger, S. (2014). "Specific molecular mutation patterns delineate chronic neutrophilic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia". Haematologica. 99 (12): e244–e246. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.113159. ISSN 0390-6078.
  15. ↑ Cui, Yajuan; Li, Bing; Gale, Robert Peter; Jiang, Qian; Xu, Zefeng; Qin, Tiejun; Zhang, Peihong; Zhang, Yue; Xiao, Zhijian (2014). "CSF3R, SETBP1 and CALR mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia". Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 7 (1). doi:10.1186/s13045-014-0077-1. ISSN 1756-8722.
  16. ↑ Dao, K.-H. T.; Tyner, J. W. (2015). "What's different about atypical CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia?". Hematology. 2015 (1): 264–271. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.264. ISSN 1520-4391.
  17. ↑ Rending Wang, Hongyan Tong, Huiping Wang, Zhimin Chen, Lijun Wang & Jianghua Chen (2014). "Nephrotic syndrome related to chronic neutrophilic leukemia". Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 53 (21): 2505–2509. PMID 25366011.
  18. ↑ Bain, Barbara J.; Ahmad, Shahzaib (2015). "Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and plasma cell-related neutrophilic leukaemoid reactions". British Journal of Haematology. 171 (3): 400–410. doi:10.1111/bjh.13600. ISSN 0007-1048.
  19. ↑ Higuchi, Takakazu; Oba, Remi; Endo, Mitsue; Harada, Hiroshi; Mori, Hiraku; Niikura, Haruo; Omine, Mitsuhiro; Fujita, Kazuhiro (2009). "Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 33 (1–2): 203–206. doi:10.3109/10428199909093744. ISSN 1042-8194.
  20. ↑ Lee, Seung Soon; Moon, Joon Ho; Ha, Jun Wook; Lee, Young Kyung; Ahn, Jin Seok; Zang, Dae Young; Kim, Hyo Jung (2004). "A Case of Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia". The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 19 (4): 285–288. doi:10.3904/kjim.2004.19.4.285. ISSN 1226-3303.
  21. ↑ Cehreli, Cavit; Undar, Bulent; Akkoc, Nurullah; Onvural, Banu; Altungoz, Oguz (1994). "Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Light Chain Myeloma". Acta Haematologica. 91 (1): 32–34. doi:10.1159/000204241. ISSN 0001-5792.
  22. ↑ DinÇol, GünÇağ; NalÇacI, Meliha; Doğan, Öner; Aktan, Melih; KüÇükkaya, Reyhan; Ağan, Mehmet; DinÇol, Koray (2009). "Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Multiple Myeloma". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 43 (3): 649–651. doi:10.1080/10428190290012218. ISSN 1042-8194.

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