Chronic hypertension epidemiology and demographics

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Hypertension Main page

Overview

Causes

Classification

Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergency
Hypertensive Urgency

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri

Overview

Hypertension is considered an epidemic worldwide. It continues to be one of the most common diseases. Data in the United States in 2009-2010 from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) demonstrated that the overall age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among U.S. adults aged 18 and older was 28.6% [1]. Similar surveys conducted in Europe estimated the prevalence of hypertension to be 44%[2].

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • Worldwide data currently estimates the prevalence of hypertension to be 972 million people with incidence rates ranging yearly between 3% and 18%[3].
  • Contrary to data from the 1990s suggesting the decrease of hypertension prevalence, recent data has in fact revealed that the prevalence of hypertension is increasing again (Ref: 16533126). Despite the high prevalence of hypertensive patients, NHANES reports that there is a significant increase in awareness, treatment, and control among hypertensive patients over the last 10 years [1].
  • The Prevalence of hypertension varies according to age, gender, and ethnicity.

Age

6.8% among those aged 18-39 in contrast to 66.7% among those aged 60 and over. To note, the universal rise in systolic blood pressure with age is likely the principle etiology for the increased incidence and prevalence of hypertension[4].

Gender

29.4% among men in contrast to 27.5% among women[4].

Race

40.4% among non-Hispanic black persons in contrast to 27.4% among white non-Hispanic and 26.1% among Hispanic individuals[4].

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yoon SS, Burt V, Louis T, Carroll MD (2012). "Hypertension among adults in the United States, 2009-2010". NCHS Data Brief (107): 1–8. PMID 23102115.
  2. ↑ Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S, Hense HW, Joffres M; et al. (2003). "Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States". JAMA. 289 (18): 2363–9. doi:10.1001/jama.289.18.2363. PMID 12746359.
  3. ↑ Hajjar I, Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA (2006). "Hypertension: trends in prevalence, incidence, and control". Annu Rev Public Health. 27: 465–90. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102132. PMID 16533126.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cuddy ML (2005). "Treatment of hypertension: guidelines from JNC 7 (the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 1)". J Pract Nurs. 55 (4): 17–21, quiz 22-3. PMID 16512265.

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