Chronic hypertension classification: Difference between revisions

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(New page: {{Template:Hypertension}} {{CMG}} '''Associate Editor in Chief''': Firas Ghanem, M.D. and Atif Mohammad, M.D. {{EH}} ==Classification of Hypertension== Hypertension is considered to be...)
 
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==Distinguishing primary vs. secondary hypertension==
Once the diagnosis of hypertension has been made it is important to attempt to exclude or identify reversible (secondary) causes. 
* Over 90% of adult hypertension has no clear cause and is therefore called '''essential/primary hypertension'''. Often, it is part of the [[metabolic syndrome|metabolic "syndrome X"]] in patients with [[insulin resistance]]: it occurs in combination with [[diabetes mellitus]] (type 2), [[combined hyperlipidemia]] and [[central obesity]]. 
* [[Secondary hypertension]] is more common in preadolescent children, with most cases caused by [[renal disease]]. Primary or [[essential hypertension]] is more common in adolescents and has multiple risk factors, including obesity and a family history of hypertension. <ref name="pmid16719248">{{cite journal | author = Luma GB, Spiotta RT | title = Hypertension in children and adolescents. | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 73 | issue = 9 | pages = 1558-68 | month = may | year = 2006 | id = PMID 16719248}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:41, 28 June 2011

Hypertension Main page

Overview

Causes

Classification

Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergency
Hypertensive Urgency

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor in Chief: Firas Ghanem, M.D. and Atif Mohammad, M.D.

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Classification of Hypertension

Hypertension is considered to be present when a person's systolic blood pressure is consistently 140 mmHg or greater, and/or their diastolic blood pressure is consistently 90 mmHg or greater.[1] Recently, as of 2003, the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure[2] has defined blood pressure 120/80 mmHg to 139/89 mmHg as "prehypertension." Prehypertension is not a disease category; rather, it is a designation chosen to identify individuals at high risk of developing hypertension. The Mayo Clinic website specifies blood pressure is "normal if it's below 120/80" but that "some data indicate that 115/75 mm Hg should be the gold standard." In patients with diabetes mellitus or kidney disease studies have shown that blood pressure over 130/80 mmHg should be considered high and warrants further treatment. Even lower numbers are considered diagnostic using home blood pressure monitoring devices.

Blood Pressure Systolic (mm Hg) Diastolic (mm Hg)
Optimal < 120 < 80
Normal < 130 < 85
High Normal 130-139 85-89
Mild Hypertension 140-159 90-99
Moderate Hypertension 160-179 100-109
Severe Hypertension 180-209 110-119
Very Severe Hypertension > 210 > 120

Distinguishing primary vs. secondary hypertension

Once the diagnosis of hypertension has been made it is important to attempt to exclude or identify reversible (secondary) causes.

References

  1. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&index=6693
  2. Chobanian AV; et al. (2003). "The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report". JAMA. 289: 2560–72. PMID 12748199.
  3. Luma GB, Spiotta RT (2006). "Hypertension in children and adolescents". Am Fam Physician. 73 (9): 1558–68. PMID 16719248. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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