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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Cholangiocarcinoma}} | | {{Xyz}} |
| {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{PSK}} | | |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{F.K}} {{PSK}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease and it is the second most common type of primary hepatic tumor. The overall [[incidence]] of cholangiocarcinoma in the U.S. population is estimated at 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vauthey J, Blumgart L |title=Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas |journal=Semin Liver Dis |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=109-14 |year=1994 |id=PMID 8047893}}</ref> The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is approximately 0.01% to 0.46% per 100,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vauthey J, Blumgart L |title=Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas |journal=Semin Liver Dis |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=109-14 |year=1994 |id=PMID 8047893}}</ref> The [[prevalence]] of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with [[primary sclerosing cholangitis]] may be as high as 30%, based on autopsy studies.<ref name="autopsy">{{cite journal |author=Rosen C, Nagorney D, Wiesner R, Coffey R, LaRusso N |title=Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis |journal=Ann Surg |volume=213 |issue=1 |pages=21-5 |year=1991 |id=PMID 1845927}}</ref> [[Mortality]] of cholangiocarcinoma is slightly higher in men (1.9/100.000) than in women (1.5/100.000).<ref name="Macias2014">{{cite journal|last1=Macias|first1=Rocio I. R.|title=Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives|journal=ISRN Hepatology|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–13|issn=2314-4041|doi=10.1155/2014/828074}}</ref> The average age of the patients at the time of cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis is 70-80 years, except in patients with bile duct cystic disorders, which usually develop cholangiocarcinoma much earlier, between 30 and 40 years.<ref name="Macias2014">{{cite journal|last1=Macias|first1=Rocio I. R.|title=Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives|journal=ISRN Hepatology|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–13|issn=2314-4041|doi=10.1155/2014/828074}}</ref>
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| ==Epidemiology== | | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| *Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common type of primary [[hepatic tumor]], with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) accounting for 10-20% of primary liver tumors. | | ===Incidence=== |
| | *The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. |
| | *In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. |
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| ==Incidence== | | ===Prevalence=== |
| *Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease.
| | *The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. |
| *There are significant variations in incidence according to region, with much higher rates seen in southeast Asia.
| | *In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. |
| *The overall incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in U.S. population is estimated at 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vauthey J, Blumgart L |title=Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas |journal=Semin Liver Dis |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=109-14 |year=1994 |id=PMID 8047893}}</ref> | | *The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually. |
| *Multiple studies have documented a steady increase in the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma over the past several decades. Increases have been observed in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.<ref>Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include:
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| *{{cite journal |author=Patel T |title=Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=2 |issue= |pages=10 |year= |id=PMID 11991810}} | |
| *{{cite journal |author=Patel T |title=Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States |journal=Hepatology |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1353–7 |year=2001 |id=PMID 11391522}}
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| *{{cite journal |author=Shaib Y, Davila J, McGlynn K, El-Serag H |title=Rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a true increase? |journal=J Hepatol |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=472-7 |year=2004 |id=PMID 15123362}}
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| *{{cite journal |author=West J, Wood H, Logan R, Quinn M, Aithal G |title=Trends in the incidence of primary liver and biliary tract cancers in England and Wales 1971–2001 |journal=Br J Cancer |volume=94 |issue=11 |pages=1751–8 |year=2006 |id=PMID 16736026}}
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| *{{cite journal |author=Khan S, Taylor-Robinson S, Toledano M, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas H |title=Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours |journal=J Hepatol |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=806-13 |year=2002 |id=PMID 12445422}}
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| *{{cite journal |author=Welzel T, McGlynn K, Hsing A, O'Brien T, Pfeiffer R |title=Impact of classification of hilar cholangiocarcinomas (Klatskin tumors) on the incidence of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States |journal=J Natl Cancer Inst |volume=98 |issue=12 |pages=873-5 |year=2006 |id=PMID 16788161}}</ref> The reasons for the increasing occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma are unclear; improved diagnostic methods may be partially responsible, but the prevalence of potential risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma, such as [[HIV|HIV infection]], has also been increasing during this time frame.<ref name="riskfactors">{{cite journal |author=Shaib Y, El-Serag H, Davila J, Morgan R, McGlynn K |title=Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=620-6 |year=2005 |id=PMID 15765398}}</ref> | |
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| ==Prevalence== | | ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== |
| *The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is approximately 0.01% to 0.46% per 100,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vauthey J, Blumgart L |title=Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas |journal=Semin Liver Dis |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=109-14 |year=1994 |id=PMID 8047893}}</ref> | | *In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%. |
| *In the United States, the highest prevalence adjusted by age is found in the Hispanic population, whereas the lowest is found in African Americans.<ref name="Macias2014">{{cite journal|last1=Macias|first1=Rocio I. R.|title=Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives|journal=ISRN Hepatology|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–13|issn=2314-4041|doi=10.1155/2014/828074}}</ref>
| | *The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range]. |
| *There is a higher prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in Asia, which has been attributed to endemic chronic parasitic infestation.
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| *The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis may be as high as 30%, based on autopsy studies.<ref name="autopsy">{{cite journal |author=Rosen C, Nagorney D, Wiesner R, Coffey R, LaRusso N |title=Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis |journal=Ann Surg |volume=213 |issue=1 |pages=21-5 |year=1991 |id=PMID 1845927}}</ref> | |
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| ==Mortality== | | ===Age=== |
| *Mortality of cholangiocarcinoma is slightly higher in men (1.9/100.000) than in women (1.5/100.000).<ref name="Macias2014">{{cite journal|last1=Macias|first1=Rocio I. R.|title=Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives|journal=ISRN Hepatology|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–13|issn=2314-4041|doi=10.1155/2014/828074}}</ref> [[Age Standardized Mortality Rates|Age-standardized mortality rates]] from intrahepatic (IC) and extrahepatic (EC) cholangiocarcinoma for men and women, by country are illustrated in the following table: | | *Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. |
| {| style="width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0.2em;" border="2" align="left"
| | *The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years. |
| |+ align="bottom" | ''[[Age Standardized Mortality Rates|Age-standardized mortality rates]] from intrahepatic (IC) and extrahepatic (EC) cholangiocarcinoma for men and women, by country. Source: Khan et al, 2002.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Khan S, Taylor-Robinson S, Toledano M, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas H |title=Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours |journal=J Hepatol |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=806-13 |year=2002 |pmid=12445422}}</ref>''
| | *[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age. |
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| | *[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group]. |
| ! ''Country''
| | *[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group]. |
| ! ''IC (men/women)''
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| ! ''EC (men/women)''
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| |-
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| ! U.S.A.
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| | align="center" | 0.60 / 0.43
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| | align="center" | 0.70 / 0.87
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| |-
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| ! Japan
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| | align="center" | 0.23 / 0.10
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| | align="center" | 5.87 / 5.20
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| |-
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| ! Australia
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| | align="center" | 0.70 / 0.53
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| | align="center" | 0.90 / 1.23
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| |-
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| ! England/Wales
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| | align="center" | 0.83 / 0.63
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| | align="center" | 0.43 / 0.60
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| |-
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| ! Scotland
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| | align="center" | 1.17 / 1.00
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| | align="center" | 0.60 / 0.73
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| |-
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| ! France
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| | align="center" | 0.27 / 0.20
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| | align="center" | 1.20 / 1.37
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| |-
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| ! Italy
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| | align="center" | 0.13 / 0.13
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| | align="center" | 2.10 / 2.60
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| |}
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| <br clear="left"/>
| | ===Race=== |
| | *There is no racial predilection to [disease name]. |
| | *[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name]. |
| | ===Gender=== |
| | *[Disease name] affects men and women equally. |
| | *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. |
| | ===Region=== |
| | *The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region]. |
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| ==Gender==
| | *[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2]. |
| *Cholangiocarcinoma is more common in males than in females (possibly due to the higher rate of [[primary sclerosing cholangitis]], a major risk factor, in men).<ref name=radio>Cholangiocarcinoma. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cholangiocarcinoma</ref> | |
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| ==Age== | | ===Developed Countries=== |
| *Patients of all age groups may develop cholangiocarcinoma.
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| *The average age of the patients at the time of cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis is 70-80 years, except in patients with bile duct cystic disorders, which usually develop cholangiocarcinoma much earlier, between 30 and 40 years.<ref name="Macias2014">{{cite journal|last1=Macias|first1=Rocio I. R.|title=Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives|journal=ISRN Hepatology|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–13|issn=2314-4041|doi=10.1155/2014/828074}}</ref>
| | ===Developing Countries=== |
| *The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma increases with age.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Henson D, Albores-Saavedra J, Corle D |title=Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates |journal=Cancer |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=1498-501 |year=1992 |id=PMID 1516001}}</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Rare cancers]]
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| [[Category:Rare diseases]]
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| [[Category:Types of cancer]]
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| [[Category:Hepatology]]
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
| [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |
| [[Category:Oncology]]
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| [[Category:Medicine]]
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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| [[Category:Surgery]]
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