Cholangiocarcinoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease. | *Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease. | ||
*There are significant variations in incidence according to region, with much higher rates seen in southeast Asia. | *There are significant variations in incidence according to region, with much higher rates seen in southeast Asia. | ||
*The overall incidence of | *The overall incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in U.S. population is estimated at 1 - 2 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vauthey J, Blumgart L |title=Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas |journal=Semin Liver Dis |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=109-14 |year=1994 |id=PMID 8047893}}</ref> | ||
*Multiple studies have documented a steady increase in the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma over the past several decades; increases have been seen in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.<ref>Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include: | |||
Multiple studies have documented a steady increase in the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma over the past several decades; increases have been seen in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.<ref>Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include: | |||
*{{cite journal |author=Patel T |title=Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=2 |issue= |pages=10 |year= |id=PMID 11991810}} | *{{cite journal |author=Patel T |title=Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=2 |issue= |pages=10 |year= |id=PMID 11991810}} | ||
*{{cite journal |author=Patel T |title=Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States |journal=Hepatology |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1353–7 |year=2001 |id=PMID 11391522}} | *{{cite journal |author=Patel T |title=Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States |journal=Hepatology |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1353–7 |year=2001 |id=PMID 11391522}} | ||
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*{{cite journal |author=Khan S, Taylor-Robinson S, Toledano M, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas H |title=Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours |journal=J Hepatol |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=806-13 |year=2002 |id=PMID 12445422}} | *{{cite journal |author=Khan S, Taylor-Robinson S, Toledano M, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas H |title=Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours |journal=J Hepatol |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=806-13 |year=2002 |id=PMID 12445422}} | ||
*{{cite journal |author=Welzel T, McGlynn K, Hsing A, O'Brien T, Pfeiffer R |title=Impact of classification of hilar cholangiocarcinomas (Klatskin tumors) on the incidence of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States |journal=J Natl Cancer Inst |volume=98 |issue=12 |pages=873-5 |year=2006 |id=PMID 16788161}}</ref> The reasons for the increasing occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma are unclear; improved diagnostic methods may be partially responsible, but the prevalence of potential risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma, such as [[HIV|HIV infection]], has also been increasing during this time frame.<ref name="riskfactors">{{cite journal |author=Shaib Y, El-Serag H, Davila J, Morgan R, McGlynn K |title=Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=620-6 |year=2005 |id=PMID 15765398}}</ref> | *{{cite journal |author=Welzel T, McGlynn K, Hsing A, O'Brien T, Pfeiffer R |title=Impact of classification of hilar cholangiocarcinomas (Klatskin tumors) on the incidence of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States |journal=J Natl Cancer Inst |volume=98 |issue=12 |pages=873-5 |year=2006 |id=PMID 16788161}}</ref> The reasons for the increasing occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma are unclear; improved diagnostic methods may be partially responsible, but the prevalence of potential risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma, such as [[HIV|HIV infection]], has also been increasing during this time frame.<ref name="riskfactors">{{cite journal |author=Shaib Y, El-Serag H, Davila J, Morgan R, McGlynn K |title=Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=620-6 |year=2005 |id=PMID 15765398}}</ref> | ||
==Prevalence== | |||
*The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is approximately 0.01% to 0.46% per 100,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vauthey J, Blumgart L |title=Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas |journal=Semin Liver Dis |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=109-14 |year=1994 |id=PMID 8047893}}</ref> | |||
*There is a higher prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in Asia, which has been attributed to endemic chronic parasitic infestation. | |||
The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis may be as high as 30%, based on autopsy studies.<ref name="autopsy">{{cite journal |author=Rosen C, Nagorney D, Wiesner R, Coffey R, LaRusso N |title=Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis |journal=Ann Surg |volume=213 |issue=1 |pages=21-5 |year=1991 |id=PMID 1845927}}</ref> | |||
==Gender== | |||
*Cholangiocarcinoma is more common in males than in females. (possibly due to the higher rate of [[primary sclerosing cholangitis]], a major risk factor, in men)<ref name=radio>Cholangiocarcinoma. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cholangiocarcinoma</ref> | |||
==Age== | |||
*Patients of all age groups may develop cholangiocarcinoma. | |||
*The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma increases with age.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Henson D, Albores-Saavedra J, Corle D |title=Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates |journal=Cancer |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=1498-501 |year=1992 |id=PMID 1516001}}</ref> | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiology
- Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common type of primary hepatic tumor, with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) accounting for 10-20% of primary liver tumors.
Incidence
- Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease.
- There are significant variations in incidence according to region, with much higher rates seen in southeast Asia.
- The overall incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in U.S. population is estimated at 1 - 2 cases per 100,000 individuals.[1]
- Multiple studies have documented a steady increase in the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma over the past several decades; increases have been seen in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.[2] The reasons for the increasing occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma are unclear; improved diagnostic methods may be partially responsible, but the prevalence of potential risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma, such as HIV infection, has also been increasing during this time frame.[3]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is approximately 0.01% to 0.46% per 100,000 individuals.[4]
- There is a higher prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in Asia, which has been attributed to endemic chronic parasitic infestation.
The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis may be as high as 30%, based on autopsy studies.[5]
Gender
- Cholangiocarcinoma is more common in males than in females. (possibly due to the higher rate of primary sclerosing cholangitis, a major risk factor, in men)[6]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop cholangiocarcinoma.
- The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma increases with age.[7]
| Country | IC (men/women) | EC (men/women) |
|---|---|---|
| U.S.A. | 0.60 / 0.43 | 0.70 / 0.87 |
| Japan | 0.23 / 0.10 | 5.87 / 5.20 |
| Australia | 0.70 / 0.53 | 0.90 / 1.23 |
| England/Wales | 0.83 / 0.63 | 0.43 / 0.60 |
| Scotland | 1.17 / 1.00 | 0.60 / 0.73 |
| France | 0.27 / 0.20 | 1.20 / 1.37 |
| Italy | 0.13 / 0.13 | 2.10 / 2.60 |
References
- ↑ Vauthey J, Blumgart L (1994). "Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas". Semin Liver Dis. 14 (2): 109–14. PMID 8047893.
- ↑ Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include:
- Patel T. "Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies". BMC Cancer. 2: 10. PMID 11991810.
- Patel T (2001). "Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States". Hepatology. 33 (6): 1353–7. PMID 11391522.
- Shaib Y, Davila J, McGlynn K, El-Serag H (2004). "Rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a true increase?". J Hepatol. 40 (3): 472–7. PMID 15123362.
- West J, Wood H, Logan R, Quinn M, Aithal G (2006). "Trends in the incidence of primary liver and biliary tract cancers in England and Wales 1971–2001". Br J Cancer. 94 (11): 1751–8. PMID 16736026.
- Khan S, Taylor-Robinson S, Toledano M, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas H (2002). "Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours". J Hepatol. 37 (6): 806–13. PMID 12445422.
- Welzel T, McGlynn K, Hsing A, O'Brien T, Pfeiffer R (2006). "Impact of classification of hilar cholangiocarcinomas (Klatskin tumors) on the incidence of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States". J Natl Cancer Inst. 98 (12): 873–5. PMID 16788161.
- ↑ Shaib Y, El-Serag H, Davila J, Morgan R, McGlynn K (2005). "Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study". Gastroenterology. 128 (3): 620–6. PMID 15765398.
- ↑ Vauthey J, Blumgart L (1994). "Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas". Semin Liver Dis. 14 (2): 109–14. PMID 8047893.
- ↑ Rosen C, Nagorney D, Wiesner R, Coffey R, LaRusso N (1991). "Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis". Ann Surg. 213 (1): 21–5. PMID 1845927.
- ↑ Cholangiocarcinoma. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cholangiocarcinoma
- ↑ Henson D, Albores-Saavedra J, Corle D (1992). "Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates". Cancer. 70 (6): 1498–501. PMID 1516001.
- ↑ Khan S, Taylor-Robinson S, Toledano M, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas H (2002). "Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours". J Hepatol. 37 (6): 806–13. PMID 12445422.