Chickenpox risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:53, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Michael Maddaleni, B.S. Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Risk factors which increase the likelihood of contracting chickenpox include, people without a history of chickenpox in the past, individuals who are not immunized against chickenpox, newborns, especially those born prematurely (less than 1 month or born to mothers who never contracted chickenpox prior to pregnancy), immunocompromised individuals, cancer patients and the use of immunosuppressant drugs.

Risk Factors

Risk factors which increase the likelihood of contracting chickenpox are as follows: ^[1]^[2]

No history of chickenpox
Not immunized for varicella
Newborns, preterms and infants born to unsensitized mothers
Pregnancy
Infants born at less than 28 weeks gestation or who weigh less than or equal to 1000 grams regardless of maternal immune status.
Immunodeficient states:
- Cancer patients
- Use of immunosuppressant drugs

References

↑ Leung TF, Chik KW, Li CK, Lai H, Shing MM, Chan PK, Lee V, Yuen PM (2000). "Incidence, risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus infection in children after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation". Bone Marrow Transplant. 25 (2): 167–72. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1702119. PMID 10673675.
↑ Miller GG, Dummer JS (2007). "Herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses: forgotten but not gone". Am. J. Transplant. 7 (4): 741–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01718.x. PMID 17391119.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid10673675-1] Leung TF, Chik KW, Li CK, Lai H, Shing MM, Chan PK, Lee V, Yuen PM (2000). "Incidence, risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus infection in children after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation". Bone Marrow Transplant. 25 (2): 167–72. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1702119. PMID 10673675.

[pmid17391119-2] Miller GG, Dummer JS (2007). "Herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses: forgotten but not gone". Am. J. Transplant. 7 (4): 741–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01718.x. PMID 17391119.

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+__NOTOC__
 {{Chickenpox}}
 {{CMG}}
-{{MJM}}
+{{MJM}} {{ARK}}
 ==Overview==
+Risk factors which increase the likelihood of contracting [[chickenpox]] include, people without a history of [[chickenpox]] in the past, individuals who are not [[Immunization|immunized]] against [[chickenpox]], [[newborns]], especially those born [[Premature birth|prematurely]] (less than 1 month or born to mothers who never contracted [[chickenpox]] prior to [[pregnancy]]), [[immunocompromised]] individuals, [[cancer]] patients and the use of [[immunosuppressant]] drugs.
 ==Risk Factors==
+Risk factors which increase the likelihood of contracting [[chickenpox]] are as follows: <ref name="pmid10673675">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leung TF, Chik KW, Li CK, Lai H, Shing MM, Chan PK, Lee V, Yuen PM |title=Incidence, risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus infection in children after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation |journal=Bone Marrow Transplant. |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=167–72 |year=2000 |pmid=10673675 |doi=10.1038/sj.bmt.1702119 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17391119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miller GG, Dummer JS |title=Herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses: forgotten but not gone |journal=Am. J. Transplant. |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=741–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17391119 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01718.x |url=}}</ref>
-===High Risk Patients===
+*No history of [[chickenpox]]
+*Not [[Immunization|immunized]] for [[Chickenpox|varicella]]
+*[[Newborns]], [[Preterm birth|preterms]] and [[Infant|infants]] born to unsensitized mothers
+*[[Pregnancy]]
+*[[Premature infants|Infants born at less than 28 weeks gestation]] or who weigh less than or equal to 1000 grams regardless of maternal [[Immune System|immune]] status.
+*[[Immunodeficiencies|Immunodeficient states]]:
+**[[Cancer]] patients
+**Use of [[immunosuppressant]] drugs
-====Immunocompromised patients====
+==References==
-Immunocompromised persons who get varicella are at risk of developing [[visceral dissemination]] (VZV infection of internal [[organs]]) leading to [[pneumonia]], [[hepatitis]], [[encephalitis]], and disseminated [[intravascular coagulopathy]]. They can have an atypical varicella [[rash]] with more [[lesions]], and they can be sick longer than immunocompetent persons who get [[varicella]]. The lesions may continue to erupt for as long as 10 days, may appear on the [[palms]] and [[soles]], and may be [[hemorrhagic]].
+{{Reflist|2}}
-====People with HIV or AIDS====
-Children with HIV infection tend to have atypical rash with new crops of [[lesions]] presenting for weeks or months. [[HIV]]-infected children may develop [[chronic infection]] in which new lesions appear for more than one month. The lesions may initially be typical [[maculopapular]] vesicular lesions but can later develop into non-healing [[ulcers]] that become [[necrotic]], [[crusted]], and [[hyperkeratotic]]. This is more likely to occur in HIV-infected children with low [[CD4]] counts.
-Some studies have found that VZV dissemination to the [[visceral organs]] is less common in children with HIV than in other immunocompromised patients with VZV infection. The rate of complications may also be lower in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy or HIV-infected persons with higher CD4 counts at the time of varicella infection. [[Retinitis]] can occur among HIV-infected children and adolescents.
-Most adults, including those who are HIV-positive have already had varicella disease and are VZV seropositive. As a result, varicella is relatively uncommon among HIV-infected adults.
-====Pregnant women====
-Pregnant women who get varicella are at risk for serious complications; they are at increased risk for developing [[pneumonia]], and in some cases, may die as a result of varicella.
-If a pregnant woman gets varicella in her 1st or early 2nd [[trimester]], her baby has a small risk (0.4 – 2.0 percent) of being born with [[congenital]] varicella syndrome. The baby may have scarring on the skin, abnormalities in [[limbs]], [[brain]], and [[eyes]], and low birth weight.
-If a woman develops varicella rash from 5 days before to 2 days after delivery, the newborn will be at risk for [[neonatal varicella]]. In the absence of treatment, up to 30% of these newborns may develop severe neonatal varicella infection.
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-==References==
+[[Category:Disease]]
-{{Reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Dermatology]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
+[[Category:Infectious disease]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]

Chickenpox risk factors: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:53, 29 July 2020

Overview

Risk Factors

References

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