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==Overview==
==Overview==
<br />
The diagnostic work-up of chest pain depend on the cause and as well as their hemodynamic status.The first decision point for most physicians is to determine that chest pain is caused by coronary ischemia or not. There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of chest pain caused by [[Acute coronary syndromes|acute coronary syndrome]], however [[ECG]] and [[cardiac enzymes]] are the ''most'' important initial tes''t. [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/The_electrocardiogram ECG],[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Transthoracic_echocardiography Transthoracic echocardiography],[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chest_X-rays Chest X-ray]'' is recommended in all [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Patients patients] with suspected [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_pericarditis acute pericarditis]. [[Chest X-ray]]  is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [[pneumothorax]] or [[pneumonia]].
==Diagnostic Study of Choice==
==Diagnostic Study of Choice==



Revision as of 02:08, 5 March 2021

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Diagnostic Study of Choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]

Overview

The diagnostic work-up of chest pain depend on the cause and as well as their hemodynamic status.The first decision point for most physicians is to determine that chest pain is caused by coronary ischemia or not. There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of chest pain caused by acute coronary syndrome, however ECG and cardiac enzymes are the most important initial test. ECG,Transthoracic echocardiography,Chest X-ray is recommended in all patients with suspected acute pericarditis. Chest X-ray is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of pneumothorax or pneumonia.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

  • According to the suspected etiology of the chest pain:
    • There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of chest pain caused by acute coronary syndrome, however ECG and cardiac enzymes are the most important initial test, Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) suggest the ECG be obtained and interpreted within 10 minutes of patient presentation in the ED.[1][2][3]
      • The following result of ECG is confirmatory of Myocardial infarction in addition to the Pain described as a substernal pressure or crushing sensation radiated to the left arm, neck and/or jaw:
        • ST- T wave changes, OR
        • New LBBB, OR
        • New Q wave

References

  1. "2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 127 (23): e663–e828. 2013. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31828478ac. ISSN 0009-7322.
  2. Jneid H, Anderson JL, Wright RS, Adams CD, Bridges CR, Casey DE; et al. (2012). "2012 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2007 guideline and replacing the 2011 focused update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". J Am Coll Cardiol. 60 (7): 645–81. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.004. PMID 22809746.
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  5. Mandell, Lionel A.; Wunderink, Richard G.; Anzueto, Antonio; Bartlett, John G.; Campbell, G. Douglas; Dean, Nathan C.; Dowell, Scott F.; File, Thomas M.; Musher, Daniel M.; Niederman, Michael S.; Torres, Antonio; Whitney, Cynthia G. (2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 (Supplement_2): S27–S72. doi:10.1086/511159. ISSN 1537-6591.
  6. Silvia Aguiar Rosa, Luisa Moura Branco, Ana Galrinho, Guilherme Portugal, Joao Abreu, Duarte Cacela, Jose Fragata & Rui Cruz Ferreira (2016). "Contribution of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography to the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Low-Flow/Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis". The Journal of heart valve disease. 25 (2): 130–138. PMID 27989054. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC, Inoue T, Ohe Y (July 2006). "Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis". Arch. Intern. Med. 166 (13): 1350–6. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.13.1350. PMID 16831999.
  8. Quint LE, Francis IR, Williams DM, Bass JC, Shea MJ, Frayer DL, Monaghan HM, Deeb GM (October 1996). "Evaluation of thoracic aortic disease with the use of helical CT and multiplanar reconstructions: comparison with surgical findings". Radiology. 201 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1148/radiology.201.1.8816517. PMID 8816517.
  9. Wells, Philip S.; Anderson, David R.; Rodger, Marc; Stiell, Ian; Dreyer, Jonathan F.; Barnes, David; Forgie, Melissa; Kovacs, George; Ward, John; Kovacs, Michael J. (2001). "Excluding Pulmonary Embolism at the Bedside without Diagnostic Imaging: Management of Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Presenting to the Emergency Department by Using a Simple Clinical Model and d-dimer". Annals of Internal Medicine. 135 (2): 98. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00010. ISSN 0003-4819.
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