Central pontine myelinolysis (patient information): Difference between revisions

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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Central pontine myelinolysis|here]]'''
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'{{Template:Esophageal stricture  (patient information)}}


{{Central pontine myelinolysis (patient information)}}
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Esophageal stricture|here]]'''


'''Editor-in-Chief:''' [[C. Michael Gibson]], M.S.,M.D. [mailto:mgibson@perfuse.org] Phone:617-632-7753; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S.
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MMJ}}'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S.


'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' Osmotic demyelination syndrome
==Overview==


==Overview==
Central pontine myelinolysis is brain cell dysfunction caused by the destruction of the layer ([[myelin sheath]]) covering nerve cells in the [[brainstem]] (specifically the [[pons]]).
Central pontine myelinolysis is brain cell dysfunction caused by the destruction of the layer ([[myelin sheath]]) covering nerve cells in the [[brainstem]] (specifically the [[pons]]).


==What are the symptoms of Central pontine myelinolysis?==
==What are the symptoms of Central pontine myelinolysis?==
*[[Confusion (patient information)|Confusion]], [[Delirium (patient information)|delirium]]
*[[Confusion (patient information)|Confusion]], [[Delirium (patient information)|delirium]]
*[[Balance problems]]
*Balance problems
*[[Difficulty swallowing]]
*[[Difficulty swallowing]]
*[[Hallucination (patient information)|Hallucinations]]
*[[Hallucination (patient information)|Hallucinations]]
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==What causes Central pontine myelinolysis?==
==What causes Central pontine myelinolysis?==
*The destruction of the myelin sheath that covers nerve cells prevents signals from being properly transmitted in the nerve. This decreases the nerve's ability to communicate with other cells.
*The destruction of the [[myelin sheath]] that covers [[nerve cell]]s prevents signals from being properly transmitted in the nerve. This decreases the nerve's ability to communicate with other cells.


*The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is a '''quick rise in the body's sodium levels'''. This most often occurs when someone is being treated for low blood levels of sodium ([[hyponatremia]]) and the levels rise too fast. It also can occasionally occur when high levels of sodium in the body ([[hypernatremia]]) are corrected too quickly.
*The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is a quick rise in the body's sodium levels. This most often occurs when someone is being treated for low blood levels of sodium ([[hyponatremia]]) and the levels rise too fast. It also can occasionally occur when high levels of sodium in the body ([[hypernatremia]]) are corrected too quickly.


*This condition does not occur on its own. It is a complication of treatment for other conditions or from the other conditions themselves.
*This condition does not occur on its own. It is a complication of treatment for other conditions or from the other conditions themselves.
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:*Abnormal reflexes
:*Abnormal reflexes
:*[[Confusion (patient information)|Confusion]]
:*[[Confusion (patient information)|Confusion]]
:*Involvement of all four arms and legs ([[spastic quadriplegia]])
:*Involvement of all four arms and legs (spastic [[quadriplegia]])
:*[[Muscle weakness (patient information)|Weakness]] of the face, arms, and legs ([[upper motor neuron]] syndromes)
:*[[Muscle weakness (patient information)|Weakness]] of the face, arms, and legs ([[upper motor neuron]] syndromes)


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*Other tests may include:
*Other tests may include:
:*Blood sodium levels and other blood tests
:*Blood sodium levels and other blood tests
:*[[Brainstem auditory evoked response]] (BAER)
:*Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==
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[[Category:For review]]
[[Category:Patient information]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Template complete]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Patient information]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine patient information]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology patient information]]
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]
[[Category:Metabolic disorders patient information]]

Latest revision as of 16:27, 2 April 2020

'

Esophageal stricture

Overview

What are the symptoms?

What are the causes?

Who is at highest risk?

Diagnosis

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for Esophageal stricture?

Prevention

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Possible complications

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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Central pontine myelinolysis is brain cell dysfunction caused by the destruction of the layer (myelin sheath) covering nerve cells in the brainstem (specifically the pons).

What are the symptoms of Central pontine myelinolysis?

What causes Central pontine myelinolysis?

  • The destruction of the myelin sheath that covers nerve cells prevents signals from being properly transmitted in the nerve. This decreases the nerve's ability to communicate with other cells.
  • The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is a quick rise in the body's sodium levels. This most often occurs when someone is being treated for low blood levels of sodium (hyponatremia) and the levels rise too fast. It also can occasionally occur when high levels of sodium in the body (hypernatremia) are corrected too quickly.
  • This condition does not occur on its own. It is a complication of treatment for other conditions or from the other conditions themselves.

Who is at highest risk?

Risks include:

When to seek urgent medical care?

There is no real guideline on when to seek medical attention, because this condition is rare in the general community.

Diagnosis

  • An examination may show:
  • A head MRI scan may reveal a problem in the brainstem (pons). This is the main diagnostic test.
  • Other tests may include:
  • Blood sodium levels and other blood tests
  • Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)

Treatment options

  • This is an emergency disorder. You will need to go to a hospital for diagnosis and treatment. However, most people with this condition are already in the hospital for another condition.
  • There is no known cure for central pontine myelinolysis. Treatment is focused on relieving symptoms.
  • Physical therapy may help maintain muscle strength, mobility, and function in weakened arms and legs.

Where to find medical care for Central pontine myelinolysis?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Central pontine myelinolysis

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

  • The nerve damage caused by central pontine myelinolysis is usually long-lasting.
  • The disorder can cause serious long-term (chronic) disability.

Possible complications

  • Decreased ability to interact with others
  • Decreased ability to work or care for self
  • Inability to move, other than to blink eyes ("locked in" syndrome)
  • Permanent nervous system damage

Prevention

  • Gradual, controlled treatment of low sodium levels may reduce the risk of nerve damage in the pons.
  • Being aware of how some medications can change sodium levels can prevent these levels from changing too quickly.

Source

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000775.htm

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