Cellulitis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Cellulitis results in activation of the body's inflammatory response mechanisms. When the immune system cannot respond adequately, it can spread systemically through the blood stream.

Natural history

Cuts and wounds of the skin are the most common means of contracting cellulitis. Other conditions may also lead to the condition. Staph.aureus and Group A Streptococci are the most common microbes causing infection. When they invade skin they release toxins which cause local erythema, pain and induration. With a course of oral antibiotics it resolves. Cellulitis spreads fairly fast with no treatment and can lead to multiple complications which can be very serious threat.

Complications

• Blood infection (sepsis)
• Bone infection (osteomyelitis)
• Inflammation of the lymph vessels (lymphangitis)
• Inflammation of the heart (endocarditis)
• Meningitis
• Shock
• Tissue death (gangrene)

Prognosis

Cellulitis is not a self limiting condition. It has to be treated with antibiotics. Treatment with oral antibiotics for a period of week or 10 days usually resolves the infection. In immunodeficient individuals it takes time to heal and may not be resolved completely at times. Long course of antibiotics are needed in few. In few untreated or resistant cases it may lead to further complications.