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{{SI}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency |
   Name          = Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency |
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{{SI}}
==Overview==
 
{{CMG}}
 
== Overview ==
 
'''Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency''' is a rare condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats called long-chain fatty acids into energy, particularly during periods without food. [[Carnitine]], a natural substance acquired mostly through the diet, is used by cells to process fats and produce energy. People with this disorder have a faulty enzyme that prevents these long-chain fatty acids from being transported into the [[mitochondria]] to be broken down.
'''Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency''' is a rare condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats called long-chain fatty acids into energy, particularly during periods without food. [[Carnitine]], a natural substance acquired mostly through the diet, is used by cells to process fats and produce energy. People with this disorder have a faulty enzyme that prevents these long-chain fatty acids from being transported into the [[mitochondria]] to be broken down.


== Pathophysiology ==
==Pathophysiology==
 
===Genetics===
=== Genetics ===
 
Mutations in the ''CPT1A'' gene lead to the production of a defective version of an enzyme called carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Without this enzyme, long-chain fatty acids from food and fats stored in the body cannot be transported into mitochondria to be broken down and processed. As a result, excessive levels of long-chain fatty acids may build up in tissues, damaging the [[liver]], [[heart]], and [[brain]].
Mutations in the ''CPT1A'' gene lead to the production of a defective version of an enzyme called carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Without this enzyme, long-chain fatty acids from food and fats stored in the body cannot be transported into mitochondria to be broken down and processed. As a result, excessive levels of long-chain fatty acids may build up in tissues, damaging the [[liver]], [[heart]], and [[brain]].


This condition is inherited in an [[autosomal recessive]] pattern.
This condition is inherited in an [[autosomal recessive]] pattern.


== Causes ==
===Associated Conditions===
* [[Primary carnitine deficiency]]
* [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency]]


==Causes==
Mutations in the ''[[CPT1A]]'' gene cause carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency.
Mutations in the ''[[CPT1A]]'' gene cause carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency.


== Differentiating from other Diseases ==
==Differentiating from other Diseases==
 
This condition is sometimes mistaken for [[Reye syndrome]], a severe disorder that develops in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.
This condition is sometimes mistaken for [[Reye syndrome]], a severe disorder that develops in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.


== Diagnosis ==
==Diagnosis==
 
===Symptoms===
=== Symptoms ===
 
* [[Muscle weakness]]
* [[Muscle weakness]]


=== Physical Examination ===
===Physical Examination===
 
====Abdomen====
==== Abdomen ====
 
* [[Hepatomegaly]]
* [[Hepatomegaly]]


=== Laboratory Findings ===
===Laboratory Findings===
 
* Low levels [[ketone]]s
* Low levels [[ketone]]s
* [[Hypoglycemia]]
* [[Hypoglycemia]]
* Elevated levels of carnitine
* Elevated levels of carnitine


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


{{Metabolic pathology}}
{{Metabolic pathology}}


[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Inborn errors of metabolism]]
[[Category:Disease]]


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
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Latest revision as of 16:36, 22 July 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
Carnitine
ICD-9 277.85
OMIM 255120
DiseasesDB 32535

Overview

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency is a rare condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats called long-chain fatty acids into energy, particularly during periods without food. Carnitine, a natural substance acquired mostly through the diet, is used by cells to process fats and produce energy. People with this disorder have a faulty enzyme that prevents these long-chain fatty acids from being transported into the mitochondria to be broken down.

Pathophysiology

Genetics

Mutations in the CPT1A gene lead to the production of a defective version of an enzyme called carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Without this enzyme, long-chain fatty acids from food and fats stored in the body cannot be transported into mitochondria to be broken down and processed. As a result, excessive levels of long-chain fatty acids may build up in tissues, damaging the liver, heart, and brain.

This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

Associated Conditions

Causes

Mutations in the CPT1A gene cause carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency.

Differentiating from other Diseases

This condition is sometimes mistaken for Reye syndrome, a severe disorder that develops in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Abdomen

Laboratory Findings

References

Template:Metabolic pathology


Template:WikiDoc Sources