Cardiomegaly pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
Cardiomegaly involves two main processes in the heart muscle. Hypertrophy causes the heart to enlarge due to thickening to the cardiac muscle, and dilation causes enlargement due to stretching of the heart muscle,
Cardiomegaly involves two main processes in the heart muscle. Hypertrophy causes the heart to enlarge due to thickening to the cardiac muscle, and dilation causes enlargement due to stretching of the heart muscle.  Dilation occurs as a result of volume overload in the heart.


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
The [[left ventricle]] can be enlarged from two broad underlying conditions: dilation and hypertrophy.
===Left Ventricular Dilation===
Left ventricular dilation can occurs as a result of volume overload. Conditions that cause volume overload can be further broken down as follows:
*Valvular Disease: More common underlying [[valvular heart disease]] conditions would include [[mitral regurgitation]] and [[aortic regurgitation]].
*Congenital Heart Disease: [[Patent ductus arteriosus]] and a [[ventricular septal defect]].
*High output states resulting in volume overload: [[Anemia]] and [[thyrotoxicosis]].
*High stroke volume states: [[Complete heart block]] and prolonged severe [[sinus bradycardia]].
*Can occur as a result of [[ischemia]] and remodeling.


The [[left ventricle]] can be enlarged from two broad underlying conditions: dilation and hypertrophy.
===Left Ventricular Hypertrophy===
*Left ventricular dilation can occurs as a result of volume overload. Conditions that cause volume overload can be further broken down as follows:
Left ventricular hypertrophy occur due to factors that can cause the heart to work harder than normal. Cardiac hypertrophy is seen in the following condtions:
**Valvular Disease: More common underlying [[valvular heart disease]] conditions would include [[mitral regurgitation]] and [[aortic regurgitation]].
*[[Hypertension]]
**Congenital Heart Disease: [[Patent ductus arteriosus]] and a [[ventricular septal defect]].
*[[Aortic valve stenosis]]
**High output states resulting in volume overload: [[Anemia]] and [[thyrotoxicosis]].
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
**High stroke volume states: [[Complete heart block]] and prolonged severe [[sinus bradycardia]].
*[[Physical exercise|Atheletic training]]
**Can occur as a result of [[ischemia]] and remodeling.


==Pathology==
==Pathology==
Line 47: Line 55:
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
 


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 01:57, 9 August 2013

Cardiomegaly Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cardiomegaly from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

MRI

CT

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Cardiomegaly pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Cardiomegaly pathophysiology

CDC on Cardiomegaly pathophysiology

Cardiomegaly pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Cardiomegaly pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiomegaly pathophysiology

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiomegaly pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Cardiomegaly involves two main processes in the heart muscle. Hypertrophy causes the heart to enlarge due to thickening to the cardiac muscle, and dilation causes enlargement due to stretching of the heart muscle. Dilation occurs as a result of volume overload in the heart.

Pathophysiology

The left ventricle can be enlarged from two broad underlying conditions: dilation and hypertrophy.

Left Ventricular Dilation

Left ventricular dilation can occurs as a result of volume overload. Conditions that cause volume overload can be further broken down as follows:

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy occur due to factors that can cause the heart to work harder than normal. Cardiac hypertrophy is seen in the following condtions:

Pathology

Gross Pathology

Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

Biventricular Hypertrophy


Biventricular Hypertrophy


Gross excellent example of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy


Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Gross natural color anterior view intact heart showing disproportionate size of left ventricle by its inferior extent much below the right ventricle apex (quite good example)


Myocardial Infarct: Gross natural color apical section showing large left ventricle infarct and right ventricular hypertrophy


Right ventricular hypertrophy


Right ventricular enlargement due to a patent ductus arteriosus in a patient with hyaline membrane disease


References


Template:WH Template:WS