Cardiology Board Review general tips: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 27: Line 27:
Dimensions are used to trigger your knowledge regarding the need for valve replacement or valve repair.  You should know the dimensions that should trigger valve replacement in the guidelines.
Dimensions are used to trigger your knowledge regarding the need for valve replacement or valve repair.  You should know the dimensions that should trigger valve replacement in the guidelines.


==EKG==
==EKG Readings==
Tests for pattern recognition skills.  Review lots of complex EKGs.  The EKGs can be tough but are fair. It usually comes down to 2 diagnoses, not 5 or 6.  If you see VT, it is most likely it.  Pick the most serious diagnosis that is threatening to the patient if you are not sure. Don't want left atrial enlargement, want ST elevation, heart block. Not small findings.
Tests for pattern recognition skills.  Review lots of complex EKGs.  The EKGs can be tough but are fair. It usually comes down to 2 diagnoses, not 5 or 6.  If you see VT, it is most likely it.  Pick the most serious diagnosis that is threatening to the patient if you are not sure. Don't want left atrial enlargement, want ST elevation, heart block. Not small findings.


Line 63: Line 63:
[[Peripartum CMP]]
[[Peripartum CMP]]
[[Coronary dissection]]
[[Coronary dissection]]
[[Mechanical valve]]


==Long Plane Flight==
==Long Plane Flight==
Line 71: Line 72:


==Deafness==
==Deafness==
Long QT
[[Long QT syndrome]]


==Swimming syncope==
==Swimming and Syncope==
Long QT
[[Long QT syndrome]]


==Irish==
==Irish==
Line 85: Line 86:
*[[Early repolarization]]
*[[Early repolarization]]
*[[Hypertension]]
*[[Hypertension]]
response to meds
*Differential response to medications
Haitian
Peripartum CMP
Portugese
Amyloid


==Dialysis==
==Haitian Patient==
*Increased risk of [[peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
 
==Portugese Patient==
*[[Amyloid]] cardiomyoopathy
 
==Dialysis Patient==
*[[Hyperkalemia]]
*[[Hyperkalemia]]


==If you see a fairly normal EKG think about==
==If you see a Fairly Normal EKG Consider the Following Diagnoses==
Long QT
*[[Long QT syndrome]]
Brugada
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
Ebsteins
*[[Ebstein's]]
ASD
*[[ASD]]
WPW
*[[WPW]]
 
==PET Images==
==PET Images==
Assessing viability
*You are being asked to assess [myocardial viability]]


==Long Narratives==
==Long Narratives==
Line 153: Line 157:
*[[Cocaine toxicity]]
*[[Cocaine toxicity]]
*[[Thrombophilia]] and [[anti-phospholipid syndrome]]
*[[Thrombophilia]] and [[anti-phospholipid syndrome]]
*Complications
*Contraindications


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
*Know maneuvers that provoke findings
*Know maneuvers that exacerbate or reduce physical examination findings
*[[Valsalva maneuver]]
*[[Valsalva maneuver]]
*Leg rasing
*Leg rasing
*Know how to differentiate chronic versus acute valvular disease on physical examination


PE with valve disease
==Criteria for Thrombolysis in a Stroke Patient==
acute vs chronic
*Know that thrombolysis should be administered to ischemic strokes within 3 hours of symptoms, and in certain subgroups up to 6 hours after symptoms onset
 
*Unusual presentation common dz
*Rare dz
complications
trial data
Image interpretation
contraindications


lysis for storkes within 3 hours, up to 6
==Risk Factors for [[ICH]] with Thrombolytic Administration==
*Increasing age
*Female gender
*Elevated blood pressure
*Black race
*Prior stroke
*Low body weight


risk of ICH
==Peripheral Vascular Disease==
black
*Know how to interpret peripheral arterial testing like ABIs, exercise ABIs
perior stroke
low body wt


*Know how to interpret peripehreal testing
==Cerbrovascular Disease==
*Know the indications for [[carotid endarterectomy]] based upon carotid imaging


Marfan intervatnion
==Marfan mMnagement==
*Know when to intervene


Diagnosis of Storke
==Peripheral Vascular Disease==
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Vasculitis]]
*[[Giant cell arteritis]]
*[[Takaysus arteritis]]
*[[Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm]]
*[[Thoracic aneurysm]] diagnosis and managment
*[[Aortic ulceration]] and vasculitis


vascularitis'
==Congenital Heart Disease==
GCA
*[[PFO]]
Takaysus
*[[ASD]]
AAA
*[[VSD]]
Thoracic abeurysm
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
ao vasculitis
*[[Ebsteins]]
 
*Pulmoanry valve disease sometime tested on
PFOASDVSDteralog
*[[Bicuspid aortic valve disease]]
Ebsteins always there
*No complex congenital heart disease is tested on like double outlet ventricle
pulmoanry bvalve
bicuspid ao dis
 
no complex cong
no double outlet


sudden death
sudden death
Line 224: Line 232:
regional tamponade after surgery, take back to surgery, usually of RV
regional tamponade after surgery, take back to surgery, usually of RV
low pressure tamponade
low pressure tamponade
==TTP on Clopidogrel==
Know the treatment
==Pulmonary Hypertension==
*Know managment including use fo calcium channel blockers


==Lateral CXR==
==Lateral CXR==

Latest revision as of 15:01, 29 September 2012

WikiDoc Resources for Cardiology Board Review general tips

Articles

Most recent articles on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Most cited articles on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Review articles on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Articles on Cardiology Board Review general tips in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Images of Cardiology Board Review general tips

Photos of Cardiology Board Review general tips

Podcasts & MP3s on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Videos on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Bandolier on Cardiology Board Review general tips

TRIP on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Cardiology Board Review general tips at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Clinical Trials on Cardiology Board Review general tips at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Cardiology Board Review general tips

NICE Guidance on Cardiology Board Review general tips

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Cardiology Board Review general tips

CDC on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Books

Books on Cardiology Board Review general tips

News

Cardiology Board Review general tips in the news

Be alerted to news on Cardiology Board Review general tips

News trends on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Commentary

Blogs on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Definitions

Definitions of Cardiology Board Review general tips

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Discussion groups on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Patient Handouts on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiology Board Review general tips

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiology Board Review general tips

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Cardiology Board Review general tips

Causes & Risk Factors for Cardiology Board Review general tips

Diagnostic studies for Cardiology Board Review general tips

Treatment of Cardiology Board Review general tips

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Cardiology Board Review general tips

International

Cardiology Board Review general tips en Espanol

Cardiology Board Review general tips en Francais

Business

Cardiology Board Review general tips in the Marketplace

Patents on Cardiology Board Review general tips

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Cardiology Board Review general tips

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Data

There is no random data provided on the test. Capture the one line summary of what they are telling you in all the data. This is there for a reason. Use it to guide you in discerning what they are trying to test you on in this question. They ar testing you on scientifically validated in the peer review literature and in the guidelines. They are asking "Do I know the results of the __ trial". They keep the questions where half the people get it right. They throw out the ones with 80% right or 20% right.

Goal of the Exam

They are looking for you to integrate knowledge, not just regurgitate knowledge. This is not a test of basic science or rote knowledge.

Distracting Answers

These answers are not that close to the correct answer so that the test is fair. They are somewhat distant from the correct answer. Usually comes down to two answers.

Geography

Living in South America should trigger consideration of Chagas disease for instance.

Symptoms

Symptoms are provided because the guidelines are often based upon symptoms.

Treatment versus Diagnosis Options

Look for the one choice that is not diametrically opposed to the others, that is different from the others.

Dimensions

Dimensions are used to trigger your knowledge regarding the need for valve replacement or valve repair. You should know the dimensions that should trigger valve replacement in the guidelines.

EKG Readings

Tests for pattern recognition skills. Review lots of complex EKGs. The EKGs can be tough but are fair. It usually comes down to 2 diagnoses, not 5 or 6. If you see VT, it is most likely it. Pick the most serious diagnosis that is threatening to the patient if you are not sure. Don't want left atrial enlargement, want ST elevation, heart block. Not small findings.

Images

Wrong answers are counted against you. Review still images

Distribution

  • Valve dz 12%
  • Arrhythmias 12%
  • MI 12%
  • Coronary artery disease 12.5%
  • Vascular medicine 9% (aneurysms, Beurgers disease)
  • Pharmacology 5%
  • CHF 13%
  • Phsyiology 6%
  • Congenital heart disease 7%
  • Hypertension 7%
  • Pericardial disease 3%
  • Miscellaneous / ethics / statistics / trial design 1.5%

Ethics

  • Report impaired MDs
  • Patient can shut their AICD off, and make decisions about their care.

On Cardiac Mediciation

This is a question about digoxin. They don't say what the medicine is.

South America

Scuba DIver

PFO with paradoxical embolism. TIA after scuba diving is PFO

Preganancy

Peripartum CMP Coronary dissection Mechanical valve

Long Plane Flight

Weight Loss

  • Fen fen

Deafness

Long QT syndrome

Swimming and Syncope

Long QT syndrome

Irish

Japan

Apical HOCM

Black Patient

Haitian Patient

Portugese Patient

Dialysis Patient

If you see a Fairly Normal EKG Consider the Following Diagnoses

PET Images

  • You are being asked to assess [myocardial viability]]

Long Narratives

Read last paragraph, read questions

Shipyard

Asbestosis

==Post-operative EKG]] Hypocalcemia will be seen on the EKG

Vomitting

Hypokalemia

The Asymptomatic Patient

Pilot is seen for an exam. There will not be a normal EKG. Look for:

Clinical Trials

  • The board is one to two years behind.
  • Trials that are two to five years old are included.
  • Will ask about SCDheft trial

Diastolic Sound

  • Is this a pericardial knock.

Splinter Hemorrhages

Will be called subungual hemorrhages

Forced Breath Holding

This is another term for the valsalva maneuver

What is not on the Test

  • Questions with no clear answer
  • Controversies
  • Trials < 2 years old
  • Guidelines < 1-2 years old

Common Diseases and Questions

Physical Examination

  • Know maneuvers that exacerbate or reduce physical examination findings
  • Valsalva maneuver
  • Leg rasing
  • Know how to differentiate chronic versus acute valvular disease on physical examination

Criteria for Thrombolysis in a Stroke Patient

  • Know that thrombolysis should be administered to ischemic strokes within 3 hours of symptoms, and in certain subgroups up to 6 hours after symptoms onset

Risk Factors for ICH with Thrombolytic Administration

  • Increasing age
  • Female gender
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Black race
  • Prior stroke
  • Low body weight

Peripheral Vascular Disease

  • Know how to interpret peripheral arterial testing like ABIs, exercise ABIs

Cerbrovascular Disease

Marfan mMnagement

  • Know when to intervene

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Congenital Heart Disease

sudden death

platypnea ortho doxia: PFO ASD hered tel

PFO: seconary prev anticog knwo i

23 to 25 valve questions Mitral and aortic rev

AS with poor LV asx pat repair vs repl

low gradient AS choice of prosthesis

pericarial: 3% pericarditis constriction congenital absence of pericardial dz tamponade vs constriction EKG of acute peric trick you into given lytic, always remember peric and PR depression regional tamponade after surgery, take back to surgery, usually of RV low pressure tamponade

TTP on Clopidogrel

Know the treatment

Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Know managment including use fo calcium channel blockers

Lateral CXR

Look for

Physiology

  • RAS system
  • Endothelial function
  • Platelet receptor physiology