Cardiac tumors physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A "tumor plop" (a sound related to movement of the tumor), abnormal heart sounds, or murmur may be heard. These sounds may change when the patient changes position.

Physical Examination

General Examination

  • In patients with pulmonary congestion
    • Confusion, agitation, and irritability may be present,
    • Profuse perspiration, cold extremities,
    • Erect posture (sitting upright), and
    • Cyanosis of the lips.

Vitals

  • Blood pressure
  • Respiratory rate
    • Tachypnea, gasping for breath in case of pulmonary congestion
  • Pulse
  • Pedal Edema



Neck

  • Prominent A wave with elevation of JVP may be present.
  • A waves may be absent if the tumor occurs with atrial fibrillation.

Heart

Auscultation

Respiratory Findings

  • Fine crackles are audible bilaterally at the pulmonary bases and progress apically as the edema develops.
  • Signs could also include rhonchi and wheezing.
Heart Sounds
  • Prolapsing of atrial tumor into the mitral valve orifice results in delay in closure of mitral valve producing a loud S1.
  • There is a delay in P2, intensity of which depends on the absence or presence of pulmonary hypertension.
  • Atrial tumor striking against the endocardial wall may produce an early diastolic sound known as the "tumor plop" and the S1 may be split.
  • In some cases S3 and S4 may also be present.
Murmur

Pertinent Syndromes Associated with Cardiac Tumors: Focused Physical Examination

  • Myxomas in heart, breast, skin, thyroid gland, or neural tissue
  • Spotty skin pigmentation such as lentigines (ie, flat brown discoloration of skin), pigmented nevi, or both on the face, especially on the lips, eyelids, conjunctiva, and oral mucosa
  • Endocrine tumors may manifest as disorders such as Cushing syndrome. The most common endocrine gland manifestation is an ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).
  • Multiple cerebral fusiform aneurysms may also be seen in patients with Carney syndrome
  • NAME syndrome: It refers to:
  • LAMB syndrome: It refers to:

References

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