Carcinoembryonic antigen: Difference between revisions

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== Overview ==   
== Overview ==   
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* Reference range: '''< 3 ug/l''' <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne.  Differential Diagnosis Pocket.  Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref>
* Reference range: '''< 3 ug/l''' <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne.  Differential Diagnosis Pocket.  Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref>


'''Carcinoembryonic antigen''' (CEA) is a [[glycoprotein]] involved in [[cell adhesion]]. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers. CEA was first identified in 1965 by [[Phil Gold]] and [[Samuel O. Freedman]] in human [[colon cancer]] tissue extracts.<ref>Gold P, Freedman SO. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. ''J Exp Med'' 1965;121:439. PMID 14270243.</ref> It was found that [[blood plasma|serum]] from individuals with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung and breast [[carcinomas]] had higher levels of CEA than healthy individuals.
'''Carcinoembryonic antigen''' (CEA) is a [[glycoprotein]] involved in [[cell adhesion]]. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers.
 
==Pathophysiology==
CEA and related [[genes]] make up the CEA family belonging to the [[immunoglobulin]] superfamily. In humans, the carcinoembryonic antigen family consists of 29 genes, 18 of which are normally expressed. <ref>Hammarstrom S. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. ''Semin Cancer Biol'' 1999;9:67-81. PMID 10202129.</ref>
 
==Historical perspective==
CEA was first identified in 1965 by [[Phil Gold]] and [[Samuel O. Freedman]] in human [[colon cancer]] tissue extracts.<ref>Gold P, Freedman SO. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. ''J Exp Med'' 1965;121:439. PMID 14270243.</ref> It was found that [[blood plasma|serum]] from individuals with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung and breast [[carcinomas]] had higher levels of CEA than healthy individuals.


==Diagnosis==
CEA measurement is mainly used as a [[tumor marker]] to identify recurrences after surgical resection. Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after surgical resection, as elevation of CEA during follow up is an indicator of recurrence of tumour.
CEA measurement is mainly used as a [[tumor marker]] to identify recurrences after surgical resection. Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after surgical resection, as elevation of CEA during follow up is an indicator of recurrence of tumour.


CEA levels may also be raised in some non-neoplastic conditions like [[ulcerative colitis]], [pancreatitis]] and [[cirrhosis]].
CEA and related [[genes]] make up the CEA family belonging to the [[immunoglobulin]] superfamily. In humans, the carcinoembryonic antigen family consists of 29 genes, 18 of which are normally expressed. <ref>Hammarstrom S. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. ''Semin Cancer Biol'' 1999;9:67-81. PMID 10202129.</ref>
== Differential Diagnosis ==
== Differential Diagnosis ==


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* [[Bronchial carcinoma]]
* [[Bronchial carcinoma]]
* [[Cervical Cancer]]
* [[Cervical Cancer]]
* [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
* [[Cirrhosis]]
* [[Colorectal tumor]]s
* [[Colorectal tumor]]s
* [[Emphysema]]
* [[Gastric carcinoma]]
* [[Gastric carcinoma]]
* [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]
* [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]
* Inflammatory liver diseases
* Inflammatory liver diseases
* [[Medullar thyroid carcinoma]]
* [[Medullar thyroid carcinoma]]
* [[Mesothelioma]]
* [[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
* [[Ovarian Cancer]]
* [[Ovarian Cancer]]
* [[Pancreatic Cancer]]
* [[Pancreatic Cancer]]
* [[Pancreatitis]]
* [[Pancreatitis]]
* [[Emphysema]]
* Recurrence of cancer
* [[Smoking]]
* [[Smoking]]
* [[Stomach cancer]]
* [[Thyroid cancer]]
* Tumor recurrence
* [[Ulcerative colitis]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==External links==
* {{MeshName|Carcinoembryonic+Antigen}}


{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Cell adhesion molecules}}
{{Cell adhesion molecules}}
{{Tumor markers}}
{{Tumor markers}}
{{SIB}}
 
 
[[Category:Tumor markers]]
[[Category:Tumor markers]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Laboratory Test]]


[[de:Carcinoembryonales Antigen]]
[[fr:Antigène carcino-embryonnaire]]
[[it:Antigene carcino-embrionario]]
[[pl:Antygen rakowo-płodowy]]
[[fi:Karsinoembryonaalinen antigeeni]]
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Latest revision as of 17:07, 17 August 2015

carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5
Identifiers
SymbolCEACAM5
Alt. symbolsCEA
Entrez1048
HUGO1817
OMIM114890
RefSeqNM_004363
UniProtP06731
Other data
LocusChr. 19 q13.1-13.2

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers.

Pathophysiology

CEA and related genes make up the CEA family belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In humans, the carcinoembryonic antigen family consists of 29 genes, 18 of which are normally expressed. [2]

Historical perspective

CEA was first identified in 1965 by Phil Gold and Samuel O. Freedman in human colon cancer tissue extracts.[3] It was found that serum from individuals with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung and breast carcinomas had higher levels of CEA than healthy individuals.

Diagnosis

CEA measurement is mainly used as a tumor marker to identify recurrences after surgical resection. Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after surgical resection, as elevation of CEA during follow up is an indicator of recurrence of tumour.

Differential Diagnosis

In alphabetical order. [4] [5]

Increased

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Hammarstrom S. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. Semin Cancer Biol 1999;9:67-81. PMID 10202129.
  3. Gold P, Freedman SO. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. J Exp Med 1965;121:439. PMID 14270243.
  4. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  5. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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