COVID-19 primary prevention: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
** All procedures that may produce [[aerosols]], or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC) | ** All procedures that may produce [[aerosols]], or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC) | ||
** The use of [[Needle|needles]], [[Syringe|syringes]], and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities | ** The use of [[Needle|needles]], [[Syringe|syringes]], and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities | ||
====Public policy==== | |||
According to a modeling study | |||
<ref name="KooCook2020">{{cite journal|last1=Koo|first1=Joel R|last2=Cook|first2=Alex R|last3=Park|first3=Minah|last4=Sun|first4=Yinxiaohe|last5=Sun|first5=Haoyang|last6=Lim|first6=Jue Tao|last7=Tam|first7=Clarence|last8=Dickens|first8=Borame L|title=Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|year=2020|issn=14733099|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30162-6}}</ref>: | |||
"Implementing the combined intervention of | |||
* quarantining infected individuals and their family members, | |||
* workplace distancing, and | |||
* school closure once community transmission has been detected | |||
...could substantially reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections." | |||
Similar findings have been modeled by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling | |||
<ref>{{Cite conference| last1 = Ferguson| first1 = N.| last2 = Laydon| first2 = D.| last3 = Nedjati Gilani| first3 = G.| last4 = Imai| first4 = N.| last5 = Ainslie| first5 = K.| last6 = Baguelin| first6 = M.| last7 = Bhatia| first7 = S.| last8 = Boonyasiri| first8 = A.| last9 = Cucunuba Perez| first9 = Zulma| last10 = Cuomo-Dannenburg| first10 = G.| last11 = Dighe| first11 = A.| last12 = Dorigatti| first12 = I.| last13 = Fu| first13 = H.| last14 = Gaythorpe| first14 = K.| last15 = Green| first15 = W.| last16 = Hamlet| first16 = A.| last17 = Hinsley| first17 = W.| last18 = Okell| first18 = L.| last19 = Van Elsland| first19 = S.| last20 = Thompson| first20 = H.| last21 = Verity| first21 = R.| last22 = Volz| first22 = E.| last23 = Wang| first23 = H.| last24 = Wang| first24 = Y.| last25 = Walker| first25 = P.| last26 = Winskill| first26 = P.| last27 = Whittaker| first27 = C.| last28 = Donnelly| first28 = C.| last29 = Riley| first29 = S.| last30 = Ghani| first30 = A.| title = Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand| accessdate = 2020-03-25| date = 2020-03-16| url = http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/77482}}</ref>. | |||
Other preliminary research is available<ref name="LaiRuktanonchai2020">{{cite journal|last1=Lai|first1=Shengjie|last2=Ruktanonchai|first2=Nick W|last3=Zhou|first3=Liangcai|last4=Prosper|first4=Olivia|last5=Luo|first5=Wei|last6=Floyd|first6=Jessica R|last7=Wesolowski|first7=Amy|last8=Santillana|first8=Mauricio|last9=Zhang|first9=Chi|last10=Du|first10=Xiangjun|last11=Yu|first11=Hongjie|last12=Tatem|first12=Andrew J|year=2020|doi=10.1101/2020.03.03.20029843}}</ref>. | |||
=== Handling and Storage === | === Handling and Storage === | ||
Revision as of 04:59, 30 March 2020
|
COVID-19 Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
COVID-19 primary prevention On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of COVID-19 primary prevention |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for COVID-19 primary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overiew
There is currently no vaccine to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. The best way to prevent infection is to avoid being exposed to this virus. The fact that it is currently flu and respiratory disease season, CDC recommends getting a flu vaccine, taking everyday preventive actions to help stop the spread of germs, and taking flu antivirals if prescribed. Healthcare providers are advised to be on the look-out for people who recently traveled from China and have fever and respiratory symptoms.
Primary Prevention
Exposure Control
2019-nCoV
There is currently no vaccine to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. The best way to prevent infection is to avoid being exposed to this virus. The following practices should be adopted for infection control:[1]
- Hand washing often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol if soap and water are not available
- Avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick
- Stay home when symptomatic
- Cover cough or sneeze with a tissue paper, then throw the tissue in the trash
- Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces
- Protective clothing:
- Lab coats, gloves when direct skin contact with infected materials or animals is unavoidable
- Eye protection must be used where there is a known or potential risk of exposure to splashes
- Miscellaneous:
- All procedures that may produce aerosols, or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC)
- The use of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities
Public policy
According to a modeling study [2]: "Implementing the combined intervention of
- quarantining infected individuals and their family members,
- workplace distancing, and
- school closure once community transmission has been detected
...could substantially reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections."
Similar findings have been modeled by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling [3].
Other preliminary research is available[4].
Handling and Storage
- Spills
- Allow aerosols to settle and, wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towels and apply an appropriate disinfectant, starting at the perimeter and working towards the center
- Allow sufficient contact time before clean up
- Disposal
- Decontaminate all wastes that contain or have come in contact with the infectious organism before disposing by autoclave, chemical disinfection, gamma irradiation, or incineration.
- Storage
- The infectious agent should be stored in leak-proof containers that are appropriately labeled
CDC Recommendations Regarding 2019-nCoV Infection
- While the immediate risk of this new virus to the American public is believed to be low at this time, everyone can do their part to help in responding to this emerging public health threat:[5]
- The fact that it is currently flu and respiratory disease season, CDC recommends getting a flu vaccine, taking everyday preventive actions to help stop the spread of germs, and taking flu antivirals if prescribed.
- Healthcare providers are advised to be on the look-out for people who recently traveled from China and have fever and respiratory symptoms.
- Healthcare providers caring for 2019-nCoV patients or public health responders are advised to take care of themselves and follow recommended infection control procedures.
- People who have had close contact with someone infected with 2019-nCoV and are symptomatic should contact their healthcare provider and tell them about their symptoms and exposure to a 2019-nCoV patient.
References
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Koo, Joel R; Cook, Alex R; Park, Minah; Sun, Yinxiaohe; Sun, Haoyang; Lim, Jue Tao; Tam, Clarence; Dickens, Borame L (2020). "Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30162-6. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Ferguson, N.; Laydon, D.; Nedjati Gilani, G.; Imai, N.; Ainslie, K.; Baguelin, M.; Bhatia, S.; Boonyasiri, A.; Cucunuba Perez, Zulma; Cuomo-Dannenburg, G.; Dighe, A.; Dorigatti, I.; Fu, H.; Gaythorpe, K.; Green, W.; Hamlet, A.; Hinsley, W.; Okell, L.; Van Elsland, S.; Thompson, H.; Verity, R.; Volz, E.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Walker, P.; Winskill, P.; Whittaker, C.; Donnelly, C.; Riley, S.; Ghani, A. (2020-03-16). Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
- ↑ Lai, Shengjie; Ruktanonchai, Nick W; Zhou, Liangcai; Prosper, Olivia; Luo, Wei; Floyd, Jessica R; Wesolowski, Amy; Santillana, Mauricio; Zhang, Chi; Du, Xiangjun; Yu, Hongjie; Tatem, Andrew J (2020). doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.20029843. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html. Missing or empty
|title=(help)