View source for CD11a

{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)''', also known as '''ITGAL''', is a human [[gene]] which functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling. It is the target of the drug [[efalizumab]].

== Function ==

ITGAL encodes the integrin alpha L chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is expressed on all leukocytes. LFA-1 plays a central role in leukocyte intercellular adhesion through interactions with its ligands, ICAMs 1-3 (intercellular adhesion molecules 1 through 3), and also functions in lymphocyte costimulatory signaling.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ITGAL integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3683| accessdate = }}</ref>

CD11a is one of the two components, along with [[CD18]], which form [[lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1]].

[[Efalizumab]] acts as an [[immunosuppressant]] by binding to CD11a but was withdrawn in 2009 because it was associated with severe side effects.

== Interactions ==

CD11a has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[ICAM-1]].<ref name=pmid11279101>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lu C, Takagi J, Springer TA | title = Association of the membrane proximal regions of the alpha and beta subunit cytoplasmic domains constrains an integrin in the inactive state | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 18 | pages = 14642–8 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11279101 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M100600200 }}</ref><ref name=pmid12526797>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shimaoka M, Xiao T, Liu JH, Yang Y, Dong Y, Jun CD, McCormack A, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Takagi J, Wang JH, Springer TA | title = Structures of the alpha L I domain and its complex with ICAM-1 reveal a shape-shifting pathway for integrin regulation | journal = Cell | volume = 112 | issue = 1 | pages = 99–111 | date = Jan 2003 | pmid = 12526797 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01257-6 }}</ref><ref name=pmid11786177>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Makagiansar IT, Hu Y, Siahaan TJ | title = Synergistic inhibitory activity of alpha- and beta-LFA-1 peptides on LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction | journal = Peptides | volume = 22 | issue = 12 | pages = 1955–62 | date = Dec 2001 | pmid = 11786177 | doi = 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00546-0 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[CD11c]]
* [[integrin]]
* [[leukocyte adhesion deficiency]]
* [[Cluster of differentiation]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lub M, van Kooyk Y, Figdor CG | title = Ins and outs of LFA-1. | journal = Immunol. Today | volume = 16 | issue = 10 | pages = 479–83 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7576051 | doi = 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80031-X }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dickeson SK, Santoro SA | title = Ligand recognition by the I domain-containing integrins. | journal = Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | volume = 54 | issue = 6 | pages = 556–66 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9676575 | doi = 10.1007/s000180050184 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Porter JC, Hogg N | title = Integrins take partners: cross-talk between integrins and other membrane receptors. | journal = Trends Cell Biol. | volume = 8 | issue = 10 | pages = 390–6 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9789327 | doi = 10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01344-0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Giblin PA, Lemieux RM | title = LFA-1 as a key regulator of immune function: approaches toward the development of LFA-1-based therapeutics. | journal = Curr. Pharm. Des. | volume = 12 | issue = 22 | pages = 2771–95 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16918410 | doi = 10.2174/138161206777947731 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maurer D, Holter W, Majdic O, Fischer GF, Knapp W | title = CD27 expression by a distinct subpopulation of human B lymphocytes. | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 20 | issue = 12 | pages = 2679–84 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1702722 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830201223 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kalter DC, Gendelman HE, Meltzer MS | title = Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in monocytes by monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte adhesion molecules. | journal = Immunol. Lett. | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 219–27 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1757107 | doi = 10.1016/0165-2478(91)90029-A }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Alvarez V, Pulido R, Campanero MR, Paraiso V, de Landázuri MO, Sánchez-Madrid F | title = Differentially regulated cell surface expression of leukocyte adhesion receptors on neutrophils. | journal = Kidney Int. | volume = 40 | issue = 5 | pages = 899–905 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1762294 | doi = 10.1038/ki.1991.291 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Valentin A, Lundin K, Patarroyo M, Asjö B | title = The leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein CD18 participates in HIV-1-induced syncytia formation in monocytoid and T cells. | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 144 | issue = 3 | pages = 934–7 | year = 1990 | pmid = 1967280 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Larson RS, Corbi AL, Berman L, Springer T | title = Primary structure of the leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 alpha subunit: an integrin with an embedded domain defining a protein superfamily | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 108 | issue = 2 | pages = 703–12 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2537322 | pmc = 2115430 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.108.2.703 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hildreth JE, Orentas RJ | title = Involvement of a leukocyte adhesion receptor (LFA-1) in HIV-induced syncytium formation | journal = Science | volume = 244 | issue = 4908 | pages = 1075–8 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2543075 | doi = 10.1126/science.2543075 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sanders ME, Makgoba MW, Sharrow SO, Stephany D, Springer TA, Young HA, Shaw S | title = Human memory T lymphocytes express increased levels of three cell adhesion molecules (LFA-3, CD2, and LFA-1) and three other molecules (UCHL1, CDw29, and Pgp-1) and have enhanced IFN-gamma production | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 140 | issue = 5 | pages = 1401–7 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2894392 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Corbi AL, Larson RS, Kishimoto TK, Springer TA, Morton CC | title = Chromosomal location of the genes encoding the leukocyte adhesion receptors LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95. Identification of a gene cluster involved in cell adhesion | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 167 | issue = 5 | pages = 1597–607 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3284962 | pmc = 2188934 | doi = 10.1084/jem.167.5.1597 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = te Velde AA, Keizer GD, Figdor CG | title = Differential function of LFA-1 family molecules (CD11 and CD18) in adhesion of human monocytes to melanoma and endothelial cells | journal = Immunology | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = 261–7 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3301632 | pmc = 1453405 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Qu A, Leahy DJ | title = Crystal structure of the I-domain from the CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1, alpha L beta 2) integrin | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 92 | issue = 22 | pages = 10277–81 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7479767 | pmc = 40779 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10277 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Turner ML, McIlwaine K, Anthony RS, Parker AC | title = Differential expression of cell adhesion molecules by human hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow and mobilized adult peripheral blood | journal = Stem Cells | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | pages = 311–6 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7542116 | doi = 10.1002/stem.5530130312 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marzusch K, Ruck P, Geiselhart A, Handgretinger R, Dietl JA, Kaiserling E, Horny HP, Vince G, Redman CW | title = Distribution of cell adhesion molecules on CD56++, CD3-, CD16- large granular lymphocytes and endothelial cells in first-trimester human decidua | journal = Hum. Reprod. | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = 1203–8 | year = 1993 | pmid = 7691868 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Capobianchi MR, Ameglio F, Cordiali Fei P, Castilletti C, Mercuri F, Fais S, Dianzani F | title = Coordinate induction of interferon alpha and gamma by recombinant HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 | journal = AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 957–62 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7904170 | doi = 10.1089/aid.1993.9.957 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Berman PW, Nakamura GR | title = Adhesion mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule 1 attenuates the potency of antibodies that block HIV-1 gp160-dependent syncytium formation | journal = AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 585–93 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7917519 | doi = 10.1089/aid.1994.10.585 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chirmule N, Oyaizu N, Saxinger C, Pahwa S | title = Nef protein of HIV-1 has B-cell stimulatory activity | journal = AIDS | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 733–4 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8086129 | doi = 10.1097/00002030-199406000-00002 }}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3683}}

== External links ==
* {{MeshName|CD11a+Antigen}}
*[http://cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi?report=orth_overview&gene_id=3683 ITGAL] Info with links in the [http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml Cell Migration Gateway]
* {{UCSC gene info|ITGAL}}

{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Integrins}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cd11a}}
[[Category:Integrins]]
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]


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