CAT box gene transcriptions

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Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

Human genes

The "four cystatin genes [GeneID: 1469 CST1, GeneID: 1470 CST2, GeneID: 1471 CST3, and GeneID: 1472 CST4] contain the ATA-box sequence (ATAAA) in their 5'-flanking regions; however, the CAT-box sequence (CAT), a binding site of the transcription factor, CTF, is found only in the 5'-flanking region of the S-type cystatin genes."[1]

Gene expressions

The "5‘ flanking region of the rat acetylcholine receptor (AChR) β subunit gene [with] regulatory elements that confer muscle specificity [includes] a minimal TATA-box-less promoter region containing an initiator motif. An 85-bp fragment [promotes] high muscle-specific expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter construct upon transfection in primary muscle cells. This sequence can be functionally dissected in a basal muscle-specific promoter element carrying a M-CAT box that is flanked at the 5’ end by an enhancer element with two binding sites for myogenic factors. Point mutations in the M-CAT box cause the loss of transcriptional activity of the basal promoter fragment. The enhancer activity depends on the presence of both E boxes that cooperate in a synergistic fashion. [The] control of muscle-specific and developmental expression of the rat AChR β subunit gene requires both regulatory elements, the M-CAT box and two adjacent E boxes, located in close proximity to each other."[2]

Interactions

The "minimal regulatory region of the 5’ flanking sequence contains E box elements that are defined by the nucleotides CANNTG [26, 271. E boxes are shown to provide binding sites for helix-loop-helix proteins of the MyoDl family including MyoDl [28], myogenin [29, 301, MRF4/ herculin [31] and myf5 [32]."[2]

Enhancer activity

"Partial sequence of the 5' flanking region of the rat AChR β subunit gene [contains] putative E box element [CAGGTG], putative Sp1 element [GGGGCGGGT at -85 nts], putative Shue box element [CCCTGGCCTGG at -15 nts], M-CAT box element [GCGGCCTC at -8 nts]."[2]

"Within the first 140bp of the 5’ flanking region the position and sequence of three other putative regulatory elements, the Spl [43, 44], M-CAT [34] and Shue box [45], are conserved between mouse and rat".[2]

Consensus sequences

"The M-CAT consensus sequence [is] CATTCCT".[2]

Promoter occurrences

"A CAT-box-like element, GCCATT [34], adjacent to the GC-box, is conserved in the three promoters."[2]

Hypotheses

  1. A1BG has no CAT boxes in either promoter.
  2. A1BG is not transcribed by a CAT box.
  3. CAT box does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.

Samplings

Copying a CAT box consensus sequence 5'-CATTCCT-3' and putting the sequence in "⌘F" finds one between ZNF497 and A1BG or none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.

For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence 5'-CATTCCT-3' (starting with SuccessablesCAT.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:

  1. negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-CATTCCT-3', 0.
  2. negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-CATTCCT-3', 1, 5'-CATTCCT-3' at 2209, and complement.
  3. positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-CATTCCT-3', 0.
  4. positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-CATTCCT-3', 1, 5'-CATTCCT-3' at 2458, and complement.
  5. complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-GTAAGGA-3', 0.
  6. complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-GTAAGGA-3', 1, 5'-GTAAGGA-3' at 2458.
  7. complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-GTAAGGA-3', 0.
  8. complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-GTAAGGA-3', 1, 5'-GTAAGGA-3' at 2209.
  9. inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AGGAATG-3', 0.
  10. inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AGGAATG-3', 0.
  11. inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AGGAATG-3', 1, 5'-AGGAATG-3' at 4554.
  12. inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AGGAATG-3', 0.
  13. inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TCCTTAC-3', 1, 5'-TCCTTAC-3' at 4554.
  14. inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TCCTTAC-3', 0.
  15. inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TCCTTAC-3', 0.
  16. inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TCCTTAC-3', 0.

CAT box UTR promoters

Negative strand, negative direction: TCCTTAC at 4554.

CAT box distal promoters

  1. Negative strand, positive direction: CATTCCT at 2209.
  2. Positive strand, positive direction: CATTCCT at 2458.

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.

Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikiversity.

See also

References

  1. Eiichi Saitoh and Satoko Isemura (January 1, 1993). "Molecular Biology of Human Salivary Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors" (PDF). Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 4 (3/4): 487–93. doi:10.1177/10454411930040033301. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Christof Berberich, Ingolf Dürr, Michael Koenen and Veit Witzemann (September 1993). "Two adjacent E box elements and a M‐CAT box are involved in the muscle‐specific regulation of the rat acetylcholine receptor β subunit gene". European Journal of Biochemistry. 216 (2): 395–404. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18157.x. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

External links