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{{Infobox_Disease |
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{{Bronchospasm}}
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'''For patient information, click [[Bronchospasm (patient information)|here]]'''
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{{SI}}
{{CMG}}


'''Associate-editor-in-chief:''' Areej Tariq
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S.]]; Areej Tariq.


{{EH}}
==[[Bronchospasm overview|Overview]]==


'''Bronchospasm'''  is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ([[degranulation]]) of substances from [[mast cells]] or [[basophil]]s under the influence of [[anaphylatoxin]]s.
==[[Bronchospasm historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


Bronchospasm appears as the feature of [[asthma]], chronic [[bronchitis]], [[anaphylaxis]], and as a possible side-effect of the drug [[Pilocarpine]] (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things). The overactivity of the bronchioles' muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in [[mucous]] production; this reduces the amount of [[oxygen]] that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] (that can cause [[cyanosis]]).
==[[Bronchospasm classification|Classification]]==
==Differential diagnosis of the causes of Bronchospasm==


*[[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid]]
==[[Bronchospasm pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
*[[Abciximab (patient information)]]
*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]]
*[[Anaphylatoxin]]
*[[Aspirin]]
*[[Atenolol]]
*[[Atracurium]]
*[[Beta-blockers]]
*[[Betaxolol]]
*[[Bronchial challenge test]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Colistin]]
*[[Acidosis]]
*[[Diclofenac]]
*[[Exercise Stress Testing]]
*[[Formoterol (patient information)]]
*[[Hydrogen sulfide]]
*[[Hydroxyethyl starch]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Ibuprofen]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Ketamine]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Monosodium glutamate]]
*[[Nadolol]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Propafenone]]
*[[Rapacuronium]]
*[[Salmeterol oral inhalation (patient information)]]
*[[Schistosoma mansoni]]
*[[Scombroid]]
*[[Shock (medical)]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[Timolol]]
*[[Zanamivir]]


{{SIB}}
==[[Bronchospasm causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Bronchospasm differential diagnosis|Differentiating Bronchospasm from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Bronchospasm epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Bronchospasm risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Bronchospasm natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
[[Bronchospasm history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Bronchospasm physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Bronchospasm laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Bronchospasm chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] |  [[Bronchospasm CT|CT]] | [[Bronchospasm MRI|MRI]] | [[Bronchospasm other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Bronchospasm other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Bronchospasm medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Bronchospasm surgery|Surgery]] | [[Bronchospasm primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Bronchospasm secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Bronchospasm cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Bronchospasm future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Bronchospasm case study one|Case#1]]


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[[de:Bronchospasmus]]
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[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]

Latest revision as of 19:08, 4 February 2013

Bronchospasm Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Bronchospasm from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Bronchospasm On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bronchospasm

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Bronchospasm

CDC on Bronchospasm

Bronchospasm in the news

Blogs on Bronchospasm

Directions to Hospitals Treating Bronchospasm

Risk calculators and risk factors for Bronchospasm

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S.; Areej Tariq.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Bronchospasm from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1


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