Bronchogenic cyst classification: Difference between revisions

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{{Bronchogenic cyst}}
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Bronchogenic [[cyst]] can be classified based on location as follows<ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250  }} </ref>
1. '''[[Pulmonary]]'''
A. [[Pleural cavity|Plural]]<ref name="pmid19204476">{{cite journal| author=Nakagawa M, Hara M, Oshima H, Shibamoto Y, Sato Y, Kondo S | display-authors=etal| title=Pleural bronchogenic cysts: imaging findings. | journal=J Thorac Imaging | year= 2008 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 284-8 | pmid=19204476 | doi=10.1097/RTI.0b013e318176b935 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19204476  }} </ref>
i. [[Pleural cavity|Visceral]]
ii. [[Pleural cavity|Parietal]]
B. [[respiratory tract|Tracheobronchial tree]]<ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095  }} </ref>
i. [[Vertebrate trachea|Paratracheal]]
ii. [[Vertebrate trachea|Carinal]]
iii. [[Hilum of lung|Hilar]]
2. '''Extra-pulmonary'''
A. [[Skull|Cranial]]<ref name="pmid31348319">{{cite journal| author=Bian B, Yu M, Liu S, Li S, Wei Y, Zhang B| title=A suprasellar bronchogenic cyst: A case report. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2019 | volume= 98 | issue= 30 | pages= e16650 | pmid=31348319 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000016650 | pmc=6709100 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31348319  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25780019">{{cite journal| author=Xu Q, Feng Y, Ye K, Zhou Y, Zhan R| title=Bronchogenic cyst in left anterior cranial fossa. | journal=Neurology | year= 2015 | volume= 84 | issue= 11 | pages= 1181-2 | pmid=25780019 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000001368 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25780019  }} </ref>
B. [[Cervical vertebrae|Cervical]]<ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19015445">{{cite journal| author=Teissier N, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Ferkdadji L, François M, Van den Abbeele T| title=Cervical bronchogenic cysts: usual and unusual clinical presentations. | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 134 | issue= 11 | pages= 1165-9 | pmid=19015445 | doi=10.1001/archotol.134.11.1165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19015445  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24993780">{{cite journal| author=Kün-Darbois JD, Breheret R, Bizon A, Paré A, Laccourreye L| title=Bronchogenic cyst of the tip of the tongue: report of two cases. | journal=Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 132 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-51 | pmid=24993780 | doi=10.1016/j.anorl.2013.11.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24993780  }} </ref>
C. [[Mediastinum|Mediastinal]]<ref name="pmid26329634">{{cite journal| author=Mega S| title=[Anterior Mediastinal Bronchogenic Cyst Associated with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ; Report of a Case]. | journal=Kyobu Geka | year= 2015 | volume= 68 | issue= 10 | pages= 871-3 | pmid=26329634 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26329634  }} </ref>
i. [[Esophagus|Esophageal]]<ref name="pmid23013612">{{cite journal| author=Wang W, Ni Y, Zhang L, Li X, Ke C, Lu Q | display-authors=etal| title=A case report of para-esophageal bronchogenic cyst with esophageal communication. | journal=J Cardiothorac Surg | year= 2012 | volume= 7 | issue=  | pages= 94 | pmid=23013612 | doi=10.1186/1749-8090-7-94 | pmc=3599576 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23013612  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17874358">{{cite journal| author=Chuang KH, Huang TW, Cheng YL, Chen JC, Tzao C, Chang H | display-authors=etal| title=Esophageal bronchogenic cyst: a rare entity. | journal=Z Gastroenterol | year= 2007 | volume= 45 | issue= 9 | pages= 958-60 | pmid=17874358 | doi=10.1055/s-2007-963069 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17874358  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31462259">{{cite journal| author=Yang X, Zong Y, Zhao HY, Wu YD, Ji M| title=Complete excision of esophageal bronchogenic cyst by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection: a case presentation. | journal=BMC Gastroenterol | year= 2019 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 155 | pmid=31462259 | doi=10.1186/s12876-019-1072-3 | pmc=6714396 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31462259  }} </ref>
ii. [[Heart|Cardiac]]<ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28139004">{{cite journal| author=Miwa E, Tani T, Okada Y, Furukawa Y| title=A rare cardiac tumor: Bronchogenic cyst of interatrial septum. | journal=Echocardiography | year= 2017 | volume= 34 | issue= 3 | pages= 474-475 | pmid=28139004 | doi=10.1111/echo.13445 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28139004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29895549">{{cite journal| author=Mesland JB, Gérard L, Van Caenegem O, Castanares-Zapatero D| title=Bronchogenic cyst infection presenting as pleuropericarditis. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 2018 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=29895549 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2018-225081 | pmc=6011476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29895549  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26234845">{{cite journal| author=Olsen M, Mitchell TA, Percival TJ, Helsel BS| title=Interatrial Bronchogenic Cyst Resection. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 709-11 | pmid=26234845 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.10.025 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26234845  }} </ref>
D. [[Abdomen|Abdominal]]<ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26823885">{{cite journal| author=Gou Y, Wang Y, Fang H, Xu X, Yu W, Zhang K | display-authors=etal| title=Bronchogenic cyst in the hepatogastric ligament masquerading as an esophageal mesenchymal tumor: a case report. | journal=Int J Clin Exp Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 8 | issue= 11 | pages= 15307-11 | pmid=26823885 | doi= | pmc=4713671 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26823885  }} </ref>
i. [[Peritoneum|Intraperitoneal]]
* [[Thoracic diaphragm|Dipgragmatic]]<ref name="pmid25131363">{{cite journal| author=Legras A, Mordant P, Gibault L, Hernigou A, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Riquet M| title=[Diaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst: an exceptional location]. | journal=Rev Pneumol Clin | year= 2014 | volume= 70 | issue= 6 | pages= 357-61 | pmid=25131363 | doi=10.1016/j.pneumo.2014.05.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25131363  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31268025">{{cite journal| author=Ikeda T, Nakano J, Sano T| title=[Intraphrenic Bronchogenic Cyst;Report of a Case]. | journal=Kyobu Geka | year= 2019 | volume= 72 | issue= 6 | pages= 477-479 | pmid=31268025 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31268025  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27068723">{{cite journal| author=Chumakova M, Morris-Stiff G, Khachaturov V, Ibrahim S| title=Bronchogenic cyst arising from the crus of the left hemidiaphragm. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27068723 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2015-213658 | pmc=4840741 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27068723  }} </ref>
* [[Stomach|Gastric]]<ref name="pmid31484624">{{cite journal| author=Han WG, Xue HD, Pan WD| title=[Bronchogenic Cyst of Stomach:Report of One Case]. | journal=Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao | year= 2019 | volume= 41 | issue= 4 | pages= 572-574 | pmid=31484624 | doi=10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.10798 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31484624  }} </ref><ref name="pmid30902375">{{cite journal| author=Ruiz Molina I, Landauro Comesaña C, Solís García E, Cívico Amat V, Sánchez Quintana F| title=[Gastric bronchogenic cysts. An unusual location]. | journal=Rev Esp Patol | year= 2019 | volume= 52 | issue= 2 | pages= 117-119 | pmid=30902375 | doi=10.1016/j.patol.2017.12.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30902375  }} </ref>
ii. [[Peritoneum|Retroperitoneal]]
* [[Spinal cord|Spinal]]<ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26097578">{{cite journal| author=Zou MX, Hu JR, Kang YJ, Li J, Lv GH, She XL| title=Bronchogenic cyst of the conus medullaris with spinal cord tethering: a case report and review of the literature. | journal=Int J Clin Exp Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 3937-42 | pmid=26097578 | doi= | pmc=4466965 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26097578  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29390371">{{cite journal| author=Lee HD, Han SH, Park SB, Ko Y, Lee KH| title=An intradural extramedullary bronchogenic cyst in the thoracolumbar spine: A case report. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 50 | pages= e9263 | pmid=29390371 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000009263 | pmc=5815783 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29390371  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28762109">{{cite journal| author=Candy N, Young A, Devadass A, Dean A, McMillen J, Trivedi R| title=Dual lumbar bronchogenic and arachnoid cyst presenting with sciatica and left foot drop. | journal=Acta Neurochir (Wien) | year= 2017 | volume= 159 | issue= 10 | pages= 2029-2032 | pmid=28762109 | doi=10.1007/s00701-017-3284-z | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28762109  }} </ref>
* [[Adrenal gland|Adrenal]]<ref name="pmid11577133">{{cite journal| author=Haddadin WJ, Reid R, Jindal RM| title=A retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: a rare cause of a mass in the adrenal region. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 54 | issue= 10 | pages= 801-2 | pmid=11577133 | doi=10.1136/jcp.54.10.801 | pmc=1731290 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11577133  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25673605">{{cite journal| author=Bulut G, Bulut MD, Bahadır I, Kotan Ç| title=Bronchogenic cyst mimicking an adrenal mass in the retroperitoneal region: report of a rare case. | journal=Indian J Pathol Microbiol | year= 2015 | volume= 58 | issue= 1 | pages= 96-8 | pmid=25673605 | doi=10.4103/0377-4929.151200 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25673605  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25031770">{{cite journal| author=Cao DH, Zheng S, Lv X, Yin R, Liu LR, Yang L | display-authors=etal| title=Multilocular bronchogenic cyst of the bilateral adrenal: report of a rare case and review of literature. | journal=Int J Clin Exp Pathol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= 6 | pages= 3418-22 | pmid=25031770 | doi= | pmc=4097272 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25031770  }} </ref>
*[[Pancreas|Pancreatic]]<ref name="pmid28602758">{{cite journal| author=Shin SS, Choi YD, Jun CH| title=An Incidental Pancreatic Mass in a Young Woman. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2017 | volume= 153 | issue= 1 | pages= e16-e17 | pmid=28602758 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.044 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28602758  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24601704">{{cite journal| author=Maly T, Mihal V, Michalkova K, Tichy T, Neoral C, Zonca P| title=Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: prenatal diagnosis of cystoid formation, its progression and surgery. | journal=Bratisl Lek Listy | year= 2014 | volume= 115 | issue= 2 | pages= 98-100 | pmid=24601704 | doi=10.4149/bll_2014_021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24601704  }} </ref>
E. [[Anus|Perianal]]<ref name="pmid24441234">{{cite journal| author=Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Si L| title=Perianal bronchogenic cyst: a report of two cases. | journal=Indian J Pathol Microbiol | year= 2013 | volume= 56 | issue= 4 | pages= 411-2 | pmid=24441234 | doi=10.4103/0377-4929.125355 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24441234  }} </ref>
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{{family tree| | | | | | | | | B01| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |B02| | | | | | | | |B01=Pulmonary|B02=Extra-pulmonary}}
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{{family tree| | |C01| | | | | | | |C02| | | | | | |C03| |C06| |C04| | |C05| |C07| | | | | |C01=Plural|C02=Tracheobronchial tree|C03=Cranial|C04=Mediastinal|C05=Abdominal|C06=Cervical|C07=Perianal}}
{{family tree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |!|}}
{{family tree|D01| |D02| |D03| |D04| |D05| | | | | | | | |D06| |D07| |!| | | | | | |D01=Visceral|D02=Parietal|D03=Paratracheal|D04=Carinal|D05=Hilar|D06=esophageal|D07=Cardiac}}
{{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|.| | | | |}}
{{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | |E01| | | | | | | | | | |E02| | |E01=Intraperitoneal|E02=Retroperitoneal}}
{{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.|}}
{{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F01| | | |F02| | | |F04||F05| |F06| | |F01=Diphragmatic|F02=Gastric|F04=Spinal|F05=Adrenal|F06=Pancreatic}}
{{family tree/end}}
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[CME Category::Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Needs content]]

Revision as of 18:22, 13 July 2020

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Bronchogenic cyst can be classified based on location as follows[1][2]


1. Pulmonary


A. Plural[3]

i. Visceral

ii. Parietal


B. Tracheobronchial tree[1]

i. Paratracheal

ii. Carinal

iii. Hilar


2. Extra-pulmonary


A. Cranial[4][5]


B. Cervical[2][6][7]


C. Mediastinal[8]

i. Esophageal[9][10][11]

ii. Cardiac[1][12][13][14]


D. Abdominal[2][15]

i. Intraperitoneal

ii. Retroperitoneal


E. Perianal[29]


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bronchogenic cyst
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pulmonary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extra-pulmonary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plural
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tracheobronchial tree
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cranial
 
Cervical
 
Mediastinal
 
 
Abdominal
 
Perianal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Visceral
 
Parietal
 
Paratracheal
 
Carinal
 
Hilar
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
esophageal
 
Cardiac
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intraperitoneal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retroperitoneal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diphragmatic
 
 
 
Gastric
 
 
 
SpinalAdrenal
 
Pancreatic
 
 

References

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