Brain Stem Gliomas causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The cause of brain stem gliomas has not been identified. | The cause of brain stem gliomas has not been identified. | ||
{| | |||
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small> | |||
| colspan="5" |<small>'''Symptoms''' | |||
! colspan="4" |<small>Physical Examination</small> | |||
! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small> | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |<small>Past medical history</small> | |||
! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small> | |||
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | |||
!<small>Hematuria</small> | |||
!<small>Pyuria</small> | |||
!<small>Frequency</small> | |||
!<small>Urgency</small> | |||
!<small>Dysuria</small> | |||
!<small>Fever</small> | |||
!<small>Tenderness</small> | |||
!<small>Discharge</small> | |||
!<small>Inguinal Lymphadenopathy</small> | |||
!<small>Urinalysis</small> | |||
!<small>Urine Culture</small> | |||
!<small>Gold Standard | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="15" |'''Differentiating amongst different types of urinary tract infections:''' | |||
|- | |||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pyelonephritis|'''Pyelonephritis''']] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |– | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |– | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Flank pain|Flank]] or [[costovertebral angle]] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*[[Leukocytes]] | |||
*[[Nitrite test|Nitrite]] +ve | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Identifies causative [[bacteria]] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urine culture]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
* History of [[pyelonephritis]] | |||
* Recent history of [[hospitalisation]] | |||
* [[Nephrolithiasis]] | |||
* [[Immunosupression]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
* [[Flank pain|Costovertebral angle tenderness]] | |||
* Patient is in acute distress | |||
* Look for obstructive causes | |||
|- | |||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Cystitis|'''Cystitis''']] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Suprapubic | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*[[Nitrite test|Nitrite]] +ve | |||
*[[Leukocyte esterase]] +ve | |||
*[[White blood cells|WBCs]] | |||
*[[RBCs]] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | >100,000CFU/mL | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urine culture]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*Recent catheterisation | |||
*[[Pregnancy]] | |||
*Recent intercourse | |||
*[[Diabetes]] | |||
*Personal or [[family history]] of [[UTI]] | |||
*Known abnormality of the [[urinary tract]] | |||
*[[BPH]] | |||
*[[HIV]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
* Imaging studies help differentiate the various types | |||
* May accompany [[back pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[chills]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urethritis|'''Urethritis''']] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urethral discharge]] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*Positive [[leukocyte esterase]] test or >10 [[White blood cells|WBCs]] | |||
*Mucous threads in the morning [[urine]] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Gram stain]] & mucoid or [[purulent]] [[discharge]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
* Prior [[STD]]s | |||
* [[Urinary tract infection|Urinary tract infections]] | |||
* New sexual partner | |||
* Recent intercourse | |||
* Recent [[catheterization]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*[[Purulent]] [[discharge]] may suggest [[gonorrhoea]] | |||
*Exclusive [[dysuria]] suggest [[Chlamydia]] | |||
*Painful genital [[ulcers]] with [[dysuria]] suggest [[HSV]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prostatitis|'''Prostatitis''']] | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | – | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*10–20 [[leukocytes]] for acute and chronic [[bacterial]] subtypes | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Identifies causative [[bacteria]] (in [[bacterial]] subtypes) | |||
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urine culture]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
* [[Urogenital]] disorders | |||
* Recent [[catheterization]] or other [[genitourinary]] instrumentation | |||
* History of [[UTI|UTIs]] | |||
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | |||
*[[Tenderness|Tender]] and [[enlarged prostate]] in [[acute prostatitis]]<sup>[[Prostatitis physical examination|[1][3]]]</sup> | |||
*Tender and soft (boggy) [[prostate]] in chronic [[prostatitis]]<sup>[[Prostatitis physical examination|[1]]]</sup> | |||
* A [[prostate massage]] should never be done in a patient with suspected [[acute prostatitis]], since it may induce [[sepsis]]. | |||
|- | |||
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small> | |||
| colspan="5" |<small>'''Symptoms''' | |||
! colspan="4" |<small>Physical Examination</small> | |||
! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small> | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |<small>Past medical history</small> | |||
! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small> | |||
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | |||
!<small>Hematuria</small> | |||
!<small>Pyuria</small> | |||
!<small>Frequency</small> | |||
!<small>Urgency</small> | |||
!<small>Dysuria</small> | |||
!<small>Fever</small> | |||
!<small>Tenderness</small> | |||
!<small>Discharge</small> | |||
!<small>Inguinal Lymphadenopathy</small> | |||
!<small>Urinalysis</small> | |||
!<small>Urine Culture</small> | |||
!<small>Gold Standard | |||
|- | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:58, 6 October 2019
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Brain Stem Gliomas Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Brain Stem Gliomas causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brain Stem Gliomas causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Brain Stem Gliomas causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The cause of brain stem gliomas has not been identified.
Causes
The cause of brain stem gliomas has not been identified.
References
| Diseases | Symptoms | Physical Examination | Diagnostic tests | Past medical history | Other Findings | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematuria | Pyuria | Frequency | Urgency | Dysuria | Fever | Tenderness | Discharge | Inguinal Lymphadenopathy | Urinalysis | Urine Culture | Gold Standard | |||
| Differentiating amongst different types of urinary tract infections: | ||||||||||||||
| Pyelonephritis | + | + | – | – | + | + | Flank or costovertebral angle | + | + |
|
Identifies causative bacteria | Urine culture |
|
|
| Cystitis | + | + | + | + | + | + | Suprapubic | – | + |
|
>100,000CFU/mL | Urine culture |
|
|
| Urethritis | – | + | – | – | + | + | – | Urethral discharge | + |
|
– | Gram stain & mucoid or purulent discharge |
|
|
| Prostatitis | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – |
|
Identifies causative bacteria (in bacterial subtypes) | Urine culture |
|
|
| Diseases | Symptoms | Physical Examination | Diagnostic tests | Past medical history | Other Findings | |||||||||
| Hematuria | Pyuria | Frequency | Urgency | Dysuria | Fever | Tenderness | Discharge | Inguinal Lymphadenopathy | Urinalysis | Urine Culture | Gold Standard | |||