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Bence Jones protein - Revision history
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https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Bence_Jones_protein&diff=547564&oldid=prev
Brian Blank at 18:40, 3 June 2009
2009-06-03T18:40:40Z
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==Overview==<br />
A '''Bence Jones protein''' is a monoclonal [[globulin]] [[protein]] found in the [[blood]] or [[urine]]. The isolated finding of a Bence Jones protein is known as [[monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance]]. Finding this protein in the context of end-organ manifestations such as [[renal failure]], lytic bone disease, or [[anemia]], or large numbers of [[plasma cells]] in the [[bone marrow]] of patients can be diagnostic of [[multiple myeloma]]. <br />
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The proteins are [[antibody]] [[immunoglobulin]] free light chains ([[paraprotein]]s) and are produced by [[neoplastic]] [[plasma cells]]. The light chains can be detected by heating or [[electrophoresis]] of concentrated [[urine]]. Light chains precipitate when heated to 50 - 60 degrees C and redisolve at 90 -100 degrees C. These tests are essential in patients suspected of having Bence Jones proteins in their urine as these proteins don't react with the reagents normally utilized in [[urinalysis]] dipsticks. This leads to false negative results in people with Bence Jones proteins in their urine undergoing standard urinalysis. There are various rarer conditions which can produce Bence Jones proteins, such as [[Waldenström's macroglobulinemia]] and other malignanices. <br />
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The Bence Jones protein was described by the English physician [[Henry Bence Jones]] in 1847 and published in 1848.<ref>Jones HB. "On a new substance occurring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossium." ''Phil Trans R Soc Lond'' 1848;138:55-62.</ref> The protein was later sequenced by Frank Putnam at the laboratory of [[Fred Sanger]] in Cambridge, who was the first to report the entire sequence.<br />
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==References==<br />
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Brian Blank